mi
Translingual
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /miː/
Audio (GA) (file) - Rhymes: -iː
- Homophone: me
Etymology 1
From Latin mīra, from the first word of the third line of Ut queant laxis, the medieval hymn which solfège was based on because its lines started on each note of the scale successively.
Noun
mi (uncountable)
- (music) A syllable used in sol-fa (solfège) to represent the third note of a major scale.
Derived terms
Translations
Ajië
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mi]
References
- Leenhardt, M. (1935) Vocabulaire et grammaire de la langue Houaïlou, Paris: Institut d'ethnologie. Cited in: "Houaïlou" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
- Leenhardt, M. (1946) Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie. Cited in: "Ajiø" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
Albanian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *me-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mi]
See also
Etymology 2
From Proto-Albanian *mūh-, from Proto-Indo-European *múh₂s (“mouse”).
Declension
See also
Amele
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
- John R. Roberts, Amele Organised Phonology Data (1998)
Ampari Dogon
Further reading
- Roger Blench, Ampari Pa, a Dogon language in Northern Mali and its affinities (2005)
Arikapú
Further reading
- E R Ribeiro, Nimuendajú Was Right: The Inclusion of the Jabutí Language Family (IJAL)
Aromanian
Pronoun
mi (unstressed accusative and reflexive form of io)
Bagupi
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Baimak
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Bau
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Bavarian
See also
nominative | accusative | dative | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
1st person singular | i | — | mi | — | mia (mir) | ma | |
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | — | di | — | dia (dir) | da | |
2nd person singular (formal) |
Sie | — | Eahna | — | Eahna | — | |
3rd person singular | m | er | a | eahm | 'n | eahm | 'n |
n | es, des | 's | des | 's | |||
f | se, de | 's | se | 's | ihr | — | |
1st person plural | mia (mir) | ma | uns | — | uns | — | |
2nd person plural | eß, ihr | — | enk, eich | — | enk, eich | — | |
3rd person plural | se | 's | eahna | — | eahna | — |
Berti
References
- Ehret, Christopher (2001) A Historical-Comparative Reconstruction of Nilo-Saharan (SUGIA, Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika: Beihefte; 12), Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, →ISBN, →ISSN.
Bikol Central
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/, [mi]
Bislama
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmi/
- Hyphenation: mi
Pronoun
mi
Usage notes
- In formal speech, mi is placed before a noun to denote a first-person possessor. In informal speech, the construction blong mi is used instead.
See also
singular | dual | trial | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | exclusive | mi | mitufala | mitrifala | mifala |
inclusive | — | yumitu, yumitufala | yumitrifala | yumi | |
2nd person | yu | yutufala | yutrifala | yufala | |
3rd person | neutral | hem, em | tufala | trifala | ol1), olgeta |
collective | — | tugeta | trigeta | — | |
1) Used only as an object of a preposition or a verb. *) Some speakers may not distinguish various plurality categories, using only one or two plural pronouns. **) The collective pronouns specify that the action is performed by all subjects together, rather than on their own. |
References
- Terry Crowley (2004) Bislama Reference Grammar, Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi press, →ISBN, page 46
Bourguignon
Noun
mi m (mis)
References
- Thomas Mignard (1870). Vocabulaire raisonné et comparé du dialecte et du patois de la province de Bourgogne.
Buginese
Particle
mi
- ᨆᨗ: which means only, e.g. ᨉᨘᨕᨆᨗ /duaːmi/ means only two.
Catalan
Declension
See Template:ca-decl-ppron for more pronouns.
Usage notes
References
- “Imperatius amb forma molt reduïda: mi-te'l, mi-te-la, mi-te'ls, mi-te-les”, in Optimot, 2020 August 28, retrieved 4 July 2022
- El Català de l'Alguer : un model d'àmbit restringit, Barcelona, 2003, →ISBN, page 57
- “mi-lo, mi-la”, in Diccionari d'Alguerés, 2022 July 4 (last accessed)
Central Franconian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle High German mīn.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /miː/, /mi/
Usage notes
- The form meng/ming is used for the neuter when strongly stressed: Dat es ming Jlas! (“That's my glass!”) Contrariwise, the form mi may be used for the masculine and feminine when unstressed, chiefly with words for relatives: mi Papp (“my father”, but less common than menge Papp).
Chuukese
Corsican
See also
References
Dalmatian
Egyptian
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mi]
- Audio:
(file) - Hyphenation: mi
Fala
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese mi, from Latin mihi.
See also
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | ei | me, -mi | mi | ||
plural | common | nos | musL nusLV nos, -nusM |
nos | ||
masculine | noshotrusM | noshotrusM | ||||
feminine | noshotrasM | noshotrasM | ||||
second person | singular | tú | te, -ti | ti | ||
plural | common | vos | vusLV vos, -vusM |
vos | ||
masculine | voshotrusM | voshotrusM | ||||
feminine | voshotrasM | voshotrasM | ||||
third person | singular | masculine | el | le, -li | uLV, oM | el |
feminine | ela | a | ela | |||
plural | masculine | elis | usLV, osM | elis | ||
feminine | elas | as | elas | |||
reflexive | — | se, -si | sí |
Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmi/, [ˈmi]
- Rhymes: -i
- Syllabification(key): mi
Declension
Declension of mi
|
Further reading
- “mi”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
Audio (Paris) (file)
Further reading
- chapter MI, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Friulian
Pronoun
mi (first person direct object, indirect object)
Related terms
Fula
Usage notes
See also
- miɗo (first person singular subject pronoun; long form), hilan (variant used in the Pular dialect of Futa Jalon)
- min (emphatic form)
- mín (emphatic form (Adamawa))
- mi- (first person singular subject dependant pronoun (Adamawa))
- -yam (first person singular object dependant pronoun (Adamawa))
- -am (first person singular possessive pronoun)
Ga
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
Gal
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Galician
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mi]
Determiner
mi (first-person singular possessive singular)
- (before the noun) unstressed form of meu and miña: my
- 1880, Rosalía de Castro, Follas novas, page 83:
- —Non mo preguntés, mi madre,
Vale mais que nunca o sepás.
Secretos d'esta feitura
Deben dormir antr'as pedras.- Don't ask me, my mother,
better if thou never know.
Secrets of this making
should sleep among the stones.
- Don't ask me, my mother,
Usage notes
The form mi is only used before padre (“father”), madre (“mother”), tío (“uncle”), señor (“lord, sir”), amo (“master”), as a form of respect.
Derived terms
- mi madriña
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmi]
Garo
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma-j ~ mej (“rice; paddy”).
Garus
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Gaulish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *mī.
Inflection
Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | mī | snīs |
Accusative | me | snīs |
Genitive | mon | ansron |
Dative | moi | amē |
Ablative | me | ame |
Instrumental | moi | ? |
Locative | moi | amē |
Girawa
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
- Patricia Lillie, Girawa Dictionary
Gumalu
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Gun
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mĩ́/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mĩ̀/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mĩ/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mĩ́/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mĩ̀/
Haitian Creole
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
Synonyms
References
- Targète, Jean and Urciolo, Raphael G. Haitian Creole-English dictionary (1993; →ISBN)
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmi]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -mi
Etymology 1
From Proto-Uralic *me.
Declension
Alternative forms
- mink (dialectal)
Derived terms
Note: In all these forms, mi is optional and only serves for emphasis.
- mialattunk, mielőttünk etc. (mi + a postposition with the first-person plural personal suffix; see Appendix:Hungarian postpositions)
- minekünk, mihozzánk etc. (mi + one of the declined forms listed in the table above; see Appendix:Hungarian pronouns)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Uralic *mi.
Pronoun
mi
- (interrogative) what?
- Mi van a kezedben? ― What is in your hand?
- (after van or nincs in any tense and mood, followed by an infinitive) something, anything, nothing
- Nincs mit hozzátennem. ― I have nothing to add.
- Még szerencse, hogy volt mit enni! ― It's lucky there was something to eat!
- Örülnék, ha lenne mit nézni a tévében. ― I would be glad if there were something to watch on TV.
- Van mire tenni a vázát? ― Is there anything to put the vase on?
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | mi | mik |
accusative | mit | miket |
dative | minek | miknek |
instrumental | mivel | mikkel |
causal-final | miért | mikért |
translative | mivé | mikké |
terminative | miig | mikig |
essive-formal | miként | mikként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | miben | mikben |
superessive | min | miken |
adessive | minél | miknél |
illative | mibe | mikbe |
sublative | mire | mikre |
allative | mihez | mikhez |
elative | miből | mikből |
delative | miről | mikről |
ablative | mitől | miktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
mié | miké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
miéi | mikéi |
Possessive forms of mi | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | mim | mijeim |
2nd person sing. | mid | mijeid |
3rd person sing. | mije | mijei |
1st person plural | mink | mijeink |
2nd person plural | mitek | mijeitek |
3rd person plural | mijük | mijeik |
Derived terms
- mi újság? (pronoun/determiner)
See also
See the table of pronominal adverbs from case suffixes for more terms.
Determiner
mi (interrogative)
Derived terms
- mi járatban vagy?
- mi újság? (pronoun/determiner)
Interjection
mi
See also
See the table of Hungarian correlatives for more terms.
Etymology 3
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Declension
Its inflected forms are uncommon.
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | mi | mik |
accusative | mit | miket |
dative | minek | miknek |
instrumental | mivel | mikkel |
causal-final | miért | mikért |
translative | mivé | mikké |
terminative | miig | mikig |
essive-formal | miként | mikként |
essive-modal | miül | — |
inessive | miben | mikben |
superessive | min | miken |
adessive | minél | miknél |
illative | mibe | mikbe |
sublative | mire | mikre |
allative | mihez | mikhez |
elative | miből | mikből |
delative | miről | mikről |
ablative | mitől | miktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
mié | miké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
miéi | mikéi |
Possessive forms of mi | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | mim | mijeim |
2nd person sing. | mid | mijeid |
3rd person sing. | mije | mijei |
1st person plural | mink | mijeink |
2nd person plural | mitek | mijeitek |
3rd person plural | mijük | mijeik |
or (as a means of distinction from the inflection of the interrogative pronoun)
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | mi | mi-k |
accusative | mi-t | mi-ket |
dative | mi-nek | mi-knek |
instrumental | mi-vel | mi-kkel |
causal-final | mi-ért | mi-kért |
translative | mi-vé | mi-kké |
terminative | mi-ig | mi-kig |
essive-formal | mi-ként | mi-kként |
essive-modal | mi-ül | — |
inessive | mi-ben | mi-kben |
superessive | mi-n | mi-ken |
adessive | mi-nél | mi-knél |
illative | mi-be | mi-kbe |
sublative | mi-re | mi-kre |
allative | mi-hez | mi-khez |
elative | mi-ből | mi-kből |
delative | mi-ről | mi-kről |
ablative | mi-től | mi-ktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
mi-é | mi-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
mi-éi | mi-kéi |
Possessive forms of mi | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | mi-m | mi-jeim |
2nd person sing. | mi-d | mi-jeid |
3rd person sing. | mi-je | mi-jei |
1st person plural | mi-nk | mi-jeink |
2nd person plural | mi-tek | mi-jeitek |
3rd person plural | mi-jük | mi-jeik |
Further reading
- (we): mi in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (what): mi in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (mi [in music]): mi in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (Hungarian) An article on solfège with hand signs
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmi]
- Hyphenation: mi
Noun
mi (first-person possessive miku, second-person possessive mimu, third-person possessive minya)
- (food) noodle
Etymology 2
From Latin mīra, from the first word of the third line of Ut queant laxis, the medieval hymn which solfège was based on because its lines started on each note of the scale successively.
Noun
mi (first-person possessive miku, second-person possessive mimu, third-person possessive minya)
- (music) mi, a syllable used in sol-fa (solfège) to represent the third note of a major scale.
Further reading
- “mi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *mi.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈmi/, [ˈmi]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈmi/, [ˈmi]
- Rhymes: -i
- Hyphenation: mi
Pronoun
mi
- (rare) Alternative form of mikä
- 1937, N. A. Iljin, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 25:
- „Katso, mi kumma seel ono?“
Hää hiljaa karhulle saoi.- „Look, what kind of wonder is there?“
It quietly asked the bear.
- „Look, what kind of wonder is there?“
Declension
Declension of mi: see mikä |
---|
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 309
Interlingua
Isebe
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Italian
Alternative forms
- -mi (enclitic)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
- Rhymes: -i
- Hyphenation: mi
Pronoun
mi (first person, objective case)
Usage notes
See also
See Template:Italian personal pronouns for more pronouns.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmi/, /ˈmi/*
- Rhymes: -i
- Hyphenation: mì
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
- Rhymes: -i
- Hyphenation: mi
Further reading
- mi in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Anagrams
Jamaican Creole
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmɪ/
- Hyphenation: mi
Pronoun
mi
- I
- Mi born a Westmoreland.
- I was born in Westmoreland.
- 2020, Carolyn Cooper, “Junjo inna di judge wig”, in The Jamaica Gleaner:
- “Mi nearly dead wid laugh wen mi read wa Fieldgar post pon Gleaner website bout mi column, "Hair Policy Infested With Racism". […] ”
- I nearly died of laughter when I read what Fieldgar posted about my column on Gleaner's website, "Hair Policy Infested with Racism" […]
- me
- Yuh can see mi?
- Can you see me?
- my
- A mi suitcase dat.
- That's my suitcase.
Further reading
- Richard Allsopp, editor (1996), Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage, Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, published 2003, →ISBN, page 377
- mi – jamaicans.com Jamaican Patois dictionary
Jarawa
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
Pronoun
mi
Usage notes
The pronoun mi can be used in both the nominative and accusative case, but it is less common than ma for the latter. When used in possessive constructions, the choice of pronoun is largely determined by vowel harmony.
Kare (New Guinea)
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Karelian
North Karelian (Viena) |
mi |
---|---|
South Karelian (Tver) |
mi |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmi/
- Hyphenation: mi
Declension
Viena Karelian declension of mi (irregular) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | mi | mit | |
genitive | min | min | |
partitive | mitä | mitä | |
illative | mih | mih | |
inessive | missä | missä | |
elative | mistä | mistä | |
adessive | millä | millä | |
ablative | miltä | miltä | |
translative | miksi | miksi | |
essive | minä | minä | |
comitative | — | mineh | |
abessive | mittä | mittä |
Tver Karelian declension of mi (irregular) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | mi | mit | |
genitive | min | min | |
partitive | midä | midä | |
illative | mih | mih | |
inessive | missä | missä | |
elative | mistä | mistä | |
adessive | millä | millä | |
ablative | mildä | mildä | |
translative | miksi | miksi | |
essive | minä | minä | |
comitative | minke | minke | |
abessive | mittä | mittä |
References
- A. V. Punzhina (1994) chapter MI, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
- P. Zaykov, L. Rugoyeva (1999) chapter MI, in Карельско-Русский словарь (Северно-Карельские диалекты) [Karelian-Russian dictionary (North Karelian dialects)], Petrozavodsk, →ISBN
Kari'na
Etymology
From Proto-Cariban *mitɨ (“root”); compare Apalaí mity, Trió mitï, Trió mi, Wayana mit, Akawaio mi', Pemon mük, Ye'kwana michü.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mi]
References
- Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary, Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 317
- Ahlbrinck, Willem (1931) chapter MI, in Encyclopaedie der Karaïben, Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, page 292; republished as Willem Ahlbrinck, Doude van Herwijnen, transl., L'Encyclopédie des Caraïbes, Paris, 1956, page 286
Laboya
Lashi
< 3 | 4 | 5 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : mi | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ləj.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/, [mi˧]
Alternative forms
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /miː/, [miː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /mi/, [miː]
Pronoun
mī
References
- mi in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- mi in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- mi in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- mi in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
Ligurian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
Livvi
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *mi.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmi/
- Hyphenation: mi
References
- Tatjana Boiko (2019) chapter MI, in Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN
Lolopo
Etymology
From Proto-Loloish *ʔ-mre¹ (Bradley). Cognate with Burmese မြေ (mre).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mi³³]
Low German
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle Low German mî from Old Saxon mī, from Proto-Germanic *miz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
Usage notes
References
- Charles V. J. Russ (editor): The Dialects of Modern German: A Linguistic survey. First published in 1990, reprinted 2000, page 61, note (e): „[...] southern Westphalian dialects, alone of the Low German dialects, do distinguish acc. mik and dik from dat. mi and di.“
- Ein Sohn der rothen Erde (a son of the red earth): Niu lustert mol! Plattdeutsche Erzählungen und Anekdoten im Paderborner Dialekt. Celle, 1870, page 7: „Fürwörter. Die persönlichen lauten: ik, meyner, mey, mik; diu oder du, deyner, dey, dik [...]“. Translation: „Pronouns. The personal pronouns are: ik, (genitive) meyner, (dative) mey, (accusative) mik; diu or du, deyner, dey, dik [...])“
Macanese
Etymology
From Portuguese mim with denasalization.
Pronoun
mi
- (archaic) prepositional form of iou: me
- Desde idade de doze ano
ganhá pà unsong vesti;
lavá ropa de sua pai,
judá cô ancusa pà mi.- From the age of twelve
earned money to dress herself;
washed her father's clothes
helped with something for me.
- From the age of twelve
Usage notes
See also
Macanese personal pronouns (edit) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | Singular | Possessive | Plural | Possessive | Reflexive | Possessive |
First | iou, io, mi*, ieu* | iou-sa, iou-sua#, minha, io-sa, io-sua# | nôs, nosôtro* | nôs-sa, nôsso, nôs-sua# | onçóm | su, onçóm-sa*, onçóm-sua# |
Second | vôs | vôs-sa, vôsso, su, vôs-sua# | vosôtro | vosôtro-sa, su, vosôtro-sua# | ||
Third | êle, êla* | êle-sa, su, êle-sua# | ilôtro, elôtro*, olôtro*, ulôtro* | ilôtro-sa, su, ilôtro-sua# |
#: dated.
*: rare.
Malay
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -i
References
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) chapter MI, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 139
Further reading
- “mi” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Mandarin
Romanization
mi
Usage notes
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Matepi
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Mawan
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Middle Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /miː/, /mi/
Middle English
Etymology
An apocopic form of min, myn, from Old English mīn (“my, mine”), from Proto-Germanic *mīnaz (“my, mine”, pron.).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /miː/
- (unstressed) IPA(key): /mi/
Determiner
mi (nominative I)
- First-person singular genitive determiner: my.
- c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 2:16, page 45r, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
- And he ſeide to hem þat ſelden culueris / take ȝe awei from hennes þeſe þingis .· ⁊ nyle ȝe make þe hous of my fadir an hows of marchaundiſe
- And he said to those who sold doves: "Take those things out of here; you won't make my father's house a place of business!"
Usage notes
mi is usually used before a consonant (other than h-), while min is usually used before a vowel or h-, much as with Modern English an vs a.
Related terms
See also
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | 1st-person | I, ich, ik | me | min mi1 | min | ||
2nd-person | þou | þe | þin þi1 | þin | |||
3rd-person | m | he | him hine2 | him | his | his hisen | |
f | sche, heo | hire heo |
hire | hire hires, hiren | |||
n | hit | hit him2 | his, hit | — | |||
dual3 | 1st-person | wit | unk | unker | |||
2nd-person | ȝit | inc | inker | ||||
plural | 1st-person | we | us, ous | oure | oure oures, ouren | ||
2nd-person4 | ye | yow | your | your youres, youren | |||
3rd-person | inh. | he | hem he2 | hem | here | here heres, heren | |
bor. | þei | þem, þeim | þeir | þeir þeires, þeiren |
1Used preconsonantally or before h.
2Early or dialectal.
3Dual pronouns are only sporadically found in Early Middle English; after that, they are replaced by plural forms. There are no third-person dual forms in Middle English.
4Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
References
- “min, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 6 May 2018.
Middle Low German
Etymology
From Old Saxon mī, from Proto-Germanic *miz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /miː/
Declension
See Template:gml-perpron for declension.
Mosimo
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Munit
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Murupi
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Nadëb
Synonyms
- naʔɤy
References
- Language at Large: Essays on Syntax and Semantics (Aikhenvald, Dixon), citing Martins (1994)
Nake
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Naxi
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mej.
References
- Naxi Dictionary by T.M. Pinson, Lijiang 2012
North Frisian
Norwegian Bokmål
References
- “mi” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /miː/
Etymology 2
From Latin mīra, from the first word of the fourth line of Ut queant laxis, the medieval hymn on which solfège was based because its lines started on each note of the scale successively. Through Italian.
Noun
mi m (definite singular mi-en, indefinite plural mi-ar, definite plural mi-ane)
- (music) mi, a syllable used in solfège to represent the seventh note of a major scale.
References
- “mi” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Anagrams
Nzadi
Old Frisian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *miz.
Inflection
See Template:ofs-decl-ppron for more pronouns.
Old Saxon
Alternative forms
- mik (for the accusative)
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *miz.
Declension
See Template:osx-decl-ppron for more pronouns.
Önge
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
See also
Person | Independent singular | Independent plural | Prefixed singular | Prefixed plural |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st | mi | eti | m- | et-, ot- |
2nd | ṅi | ni | ṅ- | n- |
3rd | gi | ekwi | g- | ek-, ok-, ekw- |
ëni (for generic third-person) | on-, ën- |
References
- D. Dasgupta, S. R. Sharma (1982) A Handbook of Onge Language, Anthropological Survey of India
Panim
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
- Panim Talking Dictionary
Papiamentu
Alternative forms
- ami (synonym)
Etymology
From Portuguese mim and Spanish mi and Kabuverdianu mi.
Pijin
Pronoun
mi
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -i
- Syllabification: mi
Etymology 1
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Alternative forms
- (stressed) mnie
Further reading
- mi in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
Etymology 1
From Latin mi(ra) in the hymn for St. John the Baptist.
Rapting
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Rempi
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Romanian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
Samosa
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Saruga
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Sassarese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
Pronoun
mi
- (accusative) me
- 1866, chapter X, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew] (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), London, translation of Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, verse 38, page 37:
- E ca no piglia la so’ crozi, e mi sighi, no è dignu di me.
- And whoever doesn't take his own cross, and follow me, is not worthy of me.
- c. 19th century, anonymous author, “[untitled song]”, in Giovanni Spano, editor, Canti popolari in dialetto sassarese, volume 1 (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Cagliari, published 1873, song 4, page 69:
- Nisciunu mi cunsola
Nisciunu vibendi n’ha di me firizza- No one consoles me. No one alive is proud of me.
- 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Femmina [Woman]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others], Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 21:
- Cand’eri
giobanedda mi pugnì
cument’e mura mura.- When you were young, you used to prickle me like a blackberry
- (dative) to me, me
- 1866, chapter XVIII, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew] (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), London, translation of Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, verse 28, page 72:
- Isciddu però lu silvidori incuntresi un altru silvidori cumpagnu soju, chi li dibia zentu dinà: e affarrenddilu l’affogaba, dizendi: Pagami lu chi mi debi.
- Having gone out, however, the servant met another fellow servant, who owed him a hundred denarii; and, grabbing him, he choked him, saying: "Pay what you owe me".
- (literally, “Gone out however the servant met another servant fellow of his, who to him owed a hundred denarii: and grabbing him he choked him, saying: Pay me that which to me you owe.”)
- c. 19th century, anonymous author, “[untitled song]”, in Giovanni Spano, editor, Canti popolari in dialetto sassarese, volume 1 (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Cagliari, published 1873, song 15, page 89:
- Forsi mi dizarè
Chi chiddu in lu so fà no ha uguali
Nè forsi timarè
Ch’ un altru possia fatti tantu mali
Ma eju diggu cun dolu
Chi tal’ omu in lu mondu no è solu.- Maybe you'll tell me that he, in his actions, has no peers. And maybe you won't fear that someone else might hurt you so much. But I say, pained, that that man is not alone in the world.
- 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Bocca [Mouth]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others] (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 25:
- O bocca di pizzinna, bocca bedda,
chi mi dizì paràuri pruibiddi
e chi basgèndimi eri cussì dozzi!- Oh, young woman's lips, beautiful lips, that spoke forbidden words to me, and was so sweet in kissing me!
- (literally, “Oh, mouth of girl, beautiful mouth, who to me spoke forbidden words, and that kissing me was so sweet!”)
- Alternative form of me
See also
References
- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
Scottish Gaelic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmi/
See also
simple | emphatic | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | |
First person | mi | sinn | mise | sinne |
Second person | thu, tu1) | sibh | thusa, tusa1) | sibhse |
Third person m | e | iad | esan | iadsan |
Third person f | i | ise | ||
*) sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns. **) To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used. 1) used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh. |
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *my.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mîː/
Pronoun
mȋ (Cyrillic spelling ми̑)
Declension
See jȃ.
Seta
References
- transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66
Sihan
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Silopi
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *my.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /míː/
Inflection
singular | |||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | reflexive | |
nominative | jàz | tí | — |
accusative | méne, me | tébe, te | sébe, se |
genitive | méne, me | tébe, te | sébe, se |
dative | méni, mi | tébi, ti | sébi, si |
locative | méni | tébi | sébi |
instrumental | menój, máno | tebój, tábo | sebój, sábo |
possessive | mój | tvój | svój |
dual | |||
1st person | 2nd person | reflexive | |
nominative | mídva m, médve/mídve f or n | vídva m, védve/vídve f or n | — |
accusative | náju | váju | sébe, se |
genitive | náju | váju | sébe, se |
dative | náma | váma | sébi, si |
locative | náju | váju | sébi |
instrumental | náma | váma | sebój, sábo |
possessive | nájin | vájin | svój |
plural | |||
1st person | 2nd person | reflexive | |
nominative | mí m, mé f or n | ví m, vé f or n | — |
accusative | nàs | vàs | sébe, se |
genitive | nàs | vàs | sébe, se |
dative | nàm | vàm | sébi, si |
locative | nàs | vàs | sébi |
instrumental | nàmi | vàmi | sebój, sábo |
possessive | nàš | vàš | svój |
See also
singular | dual | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | m | jaz | midva | mi | |
f or n | medve, midve | me | |||
2nd person | familiar tikanje |
m | ti | vidva | vi |
f or n | vedve, vidve | ve | |||
3rd person | m | on | onadva | oni | |
f | ona | onedve, onidve | one | ||
n | ono | onedve, onidve | ona | ||
Polite forms (not differentiated in dual and plural) | singular | ||||
polite vikanje – instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 2rd person plural masculine |
vi, Vi | ||||
very polite onikanje – instead of 2nd or 3rd person, binds with forms for 3rd person plural masculine (archaic) |
oni | ||||
hyper polite onokanje – instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 3rd person singular neuter (obsolete) |
ono | ||||
patriarchal onkanje – instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 3rd person singular masculine (obsolete) |
on |
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/ [mi]
- Rhymes: -i
- Syllabification: mi
Determiner
mi sg (first-person singular possessive singular, plural mis)
Usage notes
- The forms mi and mis are only used before and within the noun phrase of the modified noun. In other positions, a form of mío is used instead.
- Son mis libros. ― They are my books.
- Los libros son míos. ― The books are mine.
Besides being a pronoun, because mi occurs in a noun phrase and expresses reference, it also grammatically classifies as a determiner (specifically a possessive/genitive determiner).
Related terms
possessor | preposed | postposed or standalone | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
possessee | possessee | ||||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||||
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | ||||
First person: | singular: | mi | mis | mío | mía | míos | mías |
plural: | (same as postposed/standalone) | nuestro | nuestra | nuestros | nuestras | ||
Second person (informal): |
singular: | tu | tus | tuyo | tuya | tuyos | tuyas |
plural: | (same as postposed/standalone) | vuestro | vuestra | vuestros | vuestras | ||
Third person: | su | sus | suyo | suya | suyos | suyas |
Further reading
- chapter MI, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sumerian
Tày
Etymology
From Proto-Tai *ʰmwɯjᴬ (“bear”). Cognate with Thai หมี (mǐi), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩦ, Lao ໝີ (mī), Lü ᦖᦲ (ṁii), Tai Dam ꪢꪲ, Shan မီ (mǐi), Ahom 𑜉𑜣 (mī), Zhuang mui, Nong Zhuang mue, Bouyei moil. Compare Old Chinese 羋 (*meʔ).
Pronunciation
- (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA(key): [mi˧˧]
- (Trùng Khánh) IPA(key): [mi˦˥]
References
- Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
Ter Sami
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *mi.
Tok Pisin
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi/
See also
See Template:tpi-personal pronouns for more pronouns.
Turkish
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Particle
mi
- Used to form interrogatives.
- Bugün okula gittin mi?
- Did you go to school today?
- Evli misin?
- Are you married?
Usage notes
Inflection
See more at mı.
Utu
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Veps
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *mi.
Inflection
Inflection of mi | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | mi | ||
genitive sing. | min | ||
partitive sing. | midä | ||
partitive plur. | — | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | mi | — | |
accusative | min | — | |
genitive | min | — | |
partitive | midä | — | |
essive-instructive | min | — | |
translative | mikš | — | |
inessive | miš | — | |
elative | mišpäi | — | |
illative | mihe | — | |
adessive | mil | — | |
ablative | milpäi | — | |
allative | mille | — | |
abessive | mita | — | |
comitative | minke | — | |
prolative | midäme | — | |
approximative I | minno | — | |
approximative II | minnoks | — | |
egressive | minnopäi | — | |
terminative I | mihesai | — | |
terminative II | millesai | — | |
terminative III | — | — | |
additive I | mihepäi | — | |
additive II | millepäi | — |
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Synonyms
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [mi˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [mɪj˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [mɪj˧˧]
Etymology 1
Sino-Vietnamese word from 眉 (“eyebrows”). Doublet of mày. Probably unrelated to mí (“eyelid”).
Related terms
Etymology 2
From Proto-Vietic *miː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *miiʔ. See also mày.
Pronoun
mi • (𠋥)
- (archaic, literary) you (second person singular pronoun)
- (chiefly Central Vietnam, derogatory in other dialects) you (second person singular pronoun, referring to a person held in low esteem)
Anagrams
Wamas
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Welsh
Etymology
From Proto-Brythonic *mi, from Proto-Celtic *mī.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /miː/
- Rhymes: -iː
Pronoun
mi
Usage notes
Mi is typically heard only after the preposition i (“to, for”) in formal language and in northern colloquial language. In southern colloquial language the form fi is used after the preposition i.
Particle
mi (triggers soft mutation on the following verb)
- (North Wales) used with inflected verbs to mark affirmative statements.
- Mi werthes i hanner dwsin.
- I sold half a dozen.
Usage notes
- This particle is optional and may only be used before inflected verbs in the preterite, future or conditional in affirmative statements, e.g. mi fydda i'n mynd (“I will go”).
- Some speakers may drop the particle but keep the resulting soft mutation, e.g. fydda i'n mynd (“I will go”) instead of bydda i'n mynd.
Synonyms
- fe (South Wales)
Yoidik
Further reading
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975)
Yoruba
See also
Pronoun
mi
- me (first-person singular non-honorific object pronoun following a high-tone monosyllabic verb)
Pronoun
mí
- me (first-person singular non-honorific object pronoun following a low- or mid-tone monosyllabic verb)
See also
singular | plural or honorific | |
---|---|---|
1st person | mi | wa |
2nd person | ọ / ẹ | yín |
3rd person | [preceding vowel repeated for monosyllabic verbs] / ẹ̀ | wọn |
Etymology 5
From an old Niger-Congo root, see Proto-Niger-Congo *-mi
Derived terms
Derived terms
- ìmì, ìmìlẹ́gbẹ́
Etymology 8
From mi used in solfège to represent the third note of a major scale.
Zhuang
Etymology
From Proto-Tai *ʰmwuːjᴬ (“pubic hair”). Cognate with Thai หมอย (mɔ̌ɔi), Lao ໝອຍ (mǭi), Shan မွႆ (mǎui), Ahom 𑜉𑜨𑜩 (moy).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /mi˨˦/
- Tone numbers: mi1
- Hyphenation: mi
Zou
Etymology
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *mii, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-miy.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mî/
- Hyphenation: mi
References
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 42
Zulu
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-mi”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-mi”