ic
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ic"
Translingual
See also
- Previous: iic (ninety-eight, 98)
- Next: c (one hundred, 100)
K'iche'
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek. The accusative and dative are Old Dutch mī, from Proto-Germanic *miz, originally only the dative form.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɪk/
Inflection
Descendants
Further reading
- chapter IC, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) chapter IC, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English
Old English
Alternative forms
- ih, ich — Northumbrian
- iċċ
- ᛁᚳ (ic) — Ruthwell Cross
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ik, unstressed form of *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /it͡ʃ/
- IPA(key): /ik/
Pronoun
iċ
- I
- Iċ lufiġe þē.
- I love you.
- c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 6:20
- Iċ hit eom. Ne ondrǣdaþ ēow.
- It's me [literally I am it]. Don't be scared.
- The Life of Saint Margaret
- Iċ nylle nān word mā of þīnum mūðe ġehīeran.
- I don't want to hear one more word out of your mouth.
Usage notes
- In modern English, object pronouns are often used as subjects in a wide variety of circumstances ("Me and her are friends", "you're as big as me"). In Old English, only subject pronouns were used as subjects (except with a small class of verbs such as līcian, mǣtan, and twēoġan, which took dative or accusative subjects with nouns and pronouns alike). Thus "me and her are friends" was Iċ and hēo sind ġefrīend, literally "I and she are friends."
Declension
Old English personal pronouns
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | first person | iċ | mec, mē | mē | mīn | |
second person | þū | þec, þē | þē | þīn | ||
third person | neuter | hit | him | his | ||
masculine | hē | hine | ||||
feminine | hēo | hīe | hiere | |||
dual | first person | wit | unc, uncit | unc | uncer | |
second person | ġit | inc, incit | inc | incer | ||
plural | first person | wē | ūs, ūsic | ūs | ūser, ūre | |
second person | ġē | ēow, ēowic | ēow | ēower | ||
third person | hīe | him | heora |
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Old Frisian ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).
Declension
Old Saxon personal pronouns
Personal pronouns | |||||
Singular | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | ik | thū | hē | siu | it |
Accusative | mī, me, mik | thī, thik | ina | sia | |
Dative | mī | thī | imu | iru | it |
Genitive | mīn | thīn | is | ira | is |
Dual | 1. | 2. | - | - | - |
Nominative | wit | git | - | - | - |
Accusative | unk | ink | - | - | - |
Dative | |||||
Genitive | unkero, unka | - | - | - | |
Plural | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | wī, we | gī, ge | sia | sia | siu |
Accusative | ūs, unsik | eu, iu, iuu | |||
Dative | ūs | im | |||
Genitive | ūser | euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera | iro |
Descendants
- Low German: ik
Romanian
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