< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ek

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

*ek

  1. I

Inflection
Proto-Germanic personal pronouns
singular first person second person reflexive
nominative *ek (unstr. *ik) *þū (*se-)
accusative *mek (unstr. *mik) *þek (unstr. *þik) *sek (unstr. *sik)
dative/instr *miz *þiz *siz
possessive *mīnaz *þīnaz *sīnaz
dual first person second person reflexive
nominative *wet (unstr. *wit) *jut, *jit (*se-)
accusative *unk *inkw *sek (unstr. *sik)
dative/instr *unkiz *inkwiz *siz
possessive *unkeraz *inkweraz *sīnaz
plural first person second person reflexive
nominative *wīz (unstr. *wiz) *jūz, *jīz (*se-)
accusative *uns *izwiz *sek (unstr. *sik)
dative/instr *unsiz *izwiz *siz
possessive *unseraz *izweraz *sīnaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *ik
    • Old English: iċ, ih, ich; iċċ; ᛁᚳ (ic)
      • Southern Middle English: ich
        • English: ich (obsolete since 19th century)
        • Yola: ich (revived)
      • Northern Middle English: ik
        • Scots: ik (rare)
      • Later Middle English: I
        • English: I
        • Scots: A, I
    • Old Frisian: ik
      • North Frisian: ick, ik
      • Saterland Frisian: iek
      • West Frisian: ik
    • Old Saxon: ik
      • Middle Low German: ik, ek
        • German Low German: ik
    • Old Dutch: ik, ic
      • Middle Dutch: ic, icke
        • Dutch: ik
          • Afrikaans: ek
          • Berbice Creole Dutch: eke
          • Jersey Dutch: äk
          • Petjo: ik
          • Skepi Creole Dutch: ek
    • Old High German: ih
      • Middle High German: ich, ig
        • Alemannic German: ich, ig, i
          • Sensler: [iː][1]
          • Swabian: i
            • Sathmar Swabian: i
        • Bavarian: i
          • Cimbrian: ich (Setti Comuni); i (Luserna)
          • Gottscheerish: iχ, ī, i (unstressed); iχχe (emphatic)
          • Mòcheno: i
        • Central Franconian: ich, eich, ech
          • Hunsrückisch: äijsch
          • Britten: [æɪ̯ʃ], [ɪʃ][3]
          • Kölsch: ich[4]
        • East Central German:
          • Erzgebirgisch: iech
          • Silesian East Central German: iech
          • Upper Saxon German: isch, ische
        • East Franconian: i, iech
        • German: ich
        • Luxembourgish: ech
        • Rhine Franconian:
          • Hessian: aisch
          • Pennsylvania German: ich [ɪç][5]
        • Vilamovian: ych
        • Yiddish: איך (ikh), ich
      • → Limburgish: ich, iech, ik; iich; ech
  • Proto-Norse: ᛖᚲ (ek), ᛖᚴ (ek), ᛖᚴᛡ (ekᴀ), -ᛖᚳᚨ (-eka), -ᚴᛡ (-kᴀ)
  • Gothic: 𐌹𐌺 (ik)
  • Crimean Gothic: ich
  • Vandalic: *ic

References
  1. Schmutz, Christian; Haas, Walter. (2004). Senslerdeutsches Wörterbuch. 2nd edition, Freiburg: Paulusverlag.
  2. Altenhofen, Cléo Vilson. (1996). Hunsrückisch in Rio Grande do Sul: Ein Beitrag zur Beschreibung einer deutschbrasilianischen Dialektvarietät im Kontakt mit dem Portugiesischen. (Mainzer Studien zur Sprach- und Volksforschung 21.) Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
  3. "ich". In: Besse, Maria. (2004). Britter Wörterbuch. Losheim am See: Verein für Heimatkunde in der Gemeinde Losheim am See.
  4. Online-Wörterbuch der Akademie för uns kölsche Sproch, Stichwort »ich« (URL).
  5. Kelz, Heinrich P. (1971). Phonologische Analyse des Pennsylvaniadeutschen. Hamburg: Buske.
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