vama
See also: vamă
Romanian
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʋâma/
- Hyphenation: va‧ma
Pronoun
vȁma (Cyrillic spelling ва̏ма)
Zulu
Verb
-vama
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuvama | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuvama | ukungavami | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | vama | -vame | |||||||
Plural | vamani | -vameni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyavama, ngivama | engivamayo, engivama | ngivama | angivami | engingavami | ngingavami | |||
2nd singular | uyavama, uvama | ovamayo, ovama | uvama | awuvami | ongavami | ungavami | |||
1st plural | siyavama, sivama | esivamayo, esivama | sivama | asivami | esingavami | singavami | |||
2nd plural | niyavama, nivama | enivamayo, enivama | nivama | anivami | eningavami | ningavami | |||
Class 1 | uyavama, uvama | ovamayo, ovama | evama | akavami | ongavami | engavami | |||
Class 2 | bayavama, bavama | abavamayo, abavama | bevama | abavami | abangavami | bengavami | |||
Class 3 | uyavama, uvama | ovamayo, ovama | uvama | awuvami | ongavami | ungavami | |||
Class 4 | iyavama, ivama | evamayo, evama | ivama | ayivami | engavami | ingavami | |||
Class 5 | liyavama, livama | elivamayo, elivama | livama | alivami | elingavami | lingavami | |||
Class 6 | ayavama, avama | avamayo, avama | evama | awavami | angavami | engavami | |||
Class 7 | siyavama, sivama | esivamayo, esivama | sivama | asivami | esingavami | singavami | |||
Class 8 | ziyavama, zivama | ezivamayo, ezivama | zivama | azivami | ezingavami | zingavami | |||
Class 9 | iyavama, ivama | evamayo, evama | ivama | ayivami | engavami | ingavami | |||
Class 10 | ziyavama, zivama | ezivamayo, ezivama | zivama | azivami | ezingavami | zingavami | |||
Class 11 | luyavama, luvama | oluvamayo, oluvama | luvama | aluvami | olungavami | lungavami | |||
Class 14 | buyavama, buvama | obuvamayo, obuvama | buvama | abuvami | obungavami | bungavami | |||
Class 15 | kuyavama, kuvama | okuvamayo, okuvama | kuvama | akuvami | okungavami | kungavami | |||
Class 17 | kuyavama, kuvama | okuvamayo, okuvama | kuvama | akuvami | okungavami | kungavami | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngivamile, ngivamē | engivamile, engivamē | ngivamile, ngivamē | angivamanga | engingavamanga | ngingavamanga | |||
2nd singular | uvamile, uvamē | ovamile, ovamē | uvamile, uvamē | awuvamanga | ongavamanga | ungavamanga | |||
1st plural | sivamile, sivamē | esivamile, esivamē | sivamile, sivamē | asivamanga | esingavamanga | singavamanga | |||
2nd plural | nivamile, nivamē | enivamile, enivamē | nivamile, nivamē | anivamanga | eningavamanga | ningavamanga | |||
Class 1 | uvamile, uvamē | ovamile, ovamē | evamile, evamē | akavamanga | ongavamanga | engavamanga | |||
Class 2 | bavamile, bavamē | abavamile, abavamē | bevamile, bevamē | abavamanga | abangavamanga | bengavamanga | |||
Class 3 | uvamile, uvamē | ovamile, ovamē | uvamile, uvamē | awuvamanga | ongavamanga | ungavamanga | |||
Class 4 | ivamile, ivamē | evamile, evamē | ivamile, ivamē | ayivamanga | engavamanga | ingavamanga | |||
Class 5 | livamile, livamē | elivamile, elivamē | livamile, livamē | alivamanga | elingavamanga | lingavamanga | |||
Class 6 | avamile, avamē | avamile, avamē | evamile, evamē | awavamanga | angavamanga | engavamanga | |||
Class 7 | sivamile, sivamē | esivamile, esivamē | sivamile, sivamē | asivamanga | esingavamanga | singavamanga | |||
Class 8 | zivamile, zivamē | ezivamile, ezivamē | zivamile, zivamē | azivamanga | ezingavamanga | zingavamanga | |||
Class 9 | ivamile, ivamē | evamile, evamē | ivamile, ivamē | ayivamanga | engavamanga | ingavamanga | |||
Class 10 | zivamile, zivamē | ezivamile, ezivamē | zivamile, zivamē | azivamanga | ezingavamanga | zingavamanga | |||
Class 11 | luvamile, luvamē | oluvamile, oluvamē | luvamile, luvamē | aluvamanga | olungavamanga | lungavamanga | |||
Class 14 | buvamile, buvamē | obuvamile, obuvamē | buvamile, buvamē | abuvamanga | obungavamanga | bungavamanga | |||
Class 15 | kuvamile, kuvamē | okuvamile, okuvamē | kuvamile, kuvamē | akuvamanga | okungavamanga | kungavamanga | |||
Class 17 | kuvamile, kuvamē | okuvamile, okuvamē | kuvamile, kuvamē | akuvamanga | okungavamanga | kungavamanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāvama | engāvama | ngāvama | angivamanga | engingavamanga | ngingavamanga | |||
2nd singular | wāvama | owāvama | wāvama | awuvamanga | ongavamanga | ungavamanga | |||
1st plural | sāvama | esāvama | sāvama | asivamanga | esingavamanga | singavamanga | |||
2nd plural | nāvama | enāvama | nāvama | anivamanga | eningavamanga | ningavamanga | |||
Class 1 | wāvama | owāvama | āvama | akavamanga | ongavamanga | engavamanga | |||
Class 2 | bāvama | abāvama | bāvama | abavamanga | abangavamanga | bengavamanga | |||
Class 3 | wāvama | owāvama | wāvama | awuvamanga | ongavamanga | ungavamanga | |||
Class 4 | yāvama | eyāvama | yāvama | ayivamanga | engavamanga | ingavamanga | |||
Class 5 | lāvama | elāvama | lāvama | alivamanga | elingavamanga | lingavamanga | |||
Class 6 | āvama | āvama | āvama | awavamanga | angavamanga | engavamanga | |||
Class 7 | sāvama | esāvama | sāvama | asivamanga | esingavamanga | singavamanga | |||
Class 8 | zāvama | ezāvama | zāvama | azivamanga | ezingavamanga | zingavamanga | |||
Class 9 | yāvama | eyāvama | yāvama | ayivamanga | engavamanga | ingavamanga | |||
Class 10 | zāvama | ezāvama | zāvama | azivamanga | ezingavamanga | zingavamanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāvama | olwāvama | lwāvama | aluvamanga | olungavamanga | lungavamanga | |||
Class 14 | bāvama | obāvama | bāvama | abuvamanga | obungavamanga | bungavamanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāvama | okwāvama | kwāvama | akuvamanga | okungavamanga | kungavamanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāvama | okwāvama | kwāvama | akuvamanga | okungavamanga | kungavamanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingavama | — | ngingavama | ngingevame | — | ngingevame | |||
2nd singular | ungavama | — | ungavama | ungevame | — | ungevame | |||
1st plural | singavama | — | singavama | singevame | — | singevame | |||
2nd plural | ningavama | — | ningavama | ningevame | — | ningevame | |||
Class 1 | angavama | — | engavama | angevame | — | engevame | |||
Class 2 | bangavama | — | bengavama | bangevame | — | bengevame | |||
Class 3 | ungavama | — | ungavama | ungevame | — | ungevame | |||
Class 4 | ingavama | — | ingavama | ingevame | — | ingevame | |||
Class 5 | lingavama | — | lingavama | lingevame | — | lingevame | |||
Class 6 | angavama | — | engavama | angevame | — | engevame | |||
Class 7 | singavama | — | singavama | singevame | — | singevame | |||
Class 8 | zingavama | — | zingavama | zingevame | — | zingevame | |||
Class 9 | ingavama | — | ingavama | ingevame | — | ingevame | |||
Class 10 | zingavama | — | zingavama | zingevame | — | zingevame | |||
Class 11 | lungavama | — | lungavama | lungevame | — | lungevame | |||
Class 14 | bungavama | — | bungavama | bungevame | — | bungevame | |||
Class 15 | kungavama | — | kungavama | kungevame | — | kungevame | |||
Class 17 | kungavama | — | kungavama | kungevame | — | kungevame | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizovama | engizovama | ngizovama | angizuvama | engingezuvama | ngingezuvama | |||
2nd singular | uzovama | ozovama | uzovama | awuzuvama | ongezuvama | ungezuvama | |||
1st plural | sizovama | esizovama | sizovama | asizuvama | esingezuvama | singezuvama | |||
2nd plural | nizovama | enizovama | nizovama | anizuvama | eningezuvama | ningezuvama | |||
Class 1 | uzovama | ozovama | ezovama | akazuvama | ongezuvama | engezuvama | |||
Class 2 | bazovama | abazovama | bezovama | abazuvama | abangezuvama | bengezuvama | |||
Class 3 | uzovama | ozovama | uzovama | awuzuvama | ongezuvama | ungezuvama | |||
Class 4 | izovama | ezovama | izovama | ayizuvama | engezuvama | ingezuvama | |||
Class 5 | lizovama | elizovama | lizovama | alizuvama | elingezuvama | lingezuvama | |||
Class 6 | azovama | azovama | ezovama | awazuvama | angezuvama | engezuvama | |||
Class 7 | sizovama | esizovama | sizovama | asizuvama | esingezuvama | singezuvama | |||
Class 8 | zizovama | ezizovama | zizovama | azizuvama | ezingezuvama | zingezuvama | |||
Class 9 | izovama | ezovama | izovama | ayizuvama | engezuvama | ingezuvama | |||
Class 10 | zizovama | ezizovama | zizovama | azizuvama | ezingezuvama | zingezuvama | |||
Class 11 | luzovama | oluzovama | luzovama | aluzuvama | olungezuvama | lungezuvama | |||
Class 14 | buzovama | obuzovama | buzovama | abuzuvama | obungezuvama | bungezuvama | |||
Class 15 | kuzovama | okuzovama | kuzovama | akuzuvama | okungezuvama | kungezuvama | |||
Class 17 | kuzovama | okuzovama | kuzovama | akuzuvama | okungezuvama | kungezuvama | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyovama | engiyovama | ngiyovama | angiyuvama | engingeyuvama | ngingeyuvama | |||
2nd singular | uyovama | oyovama | uyovama | awuyuvama | ongeyuvama | ungeyuvama | |||
1st plural | siyovama | esiyovama | siyovama | asiyuvama | esingeyuvama | singeyuvama | |||
2nd plural | niyovama | eniyovama | niyovama | aniyuvama | eningeyuvama | ningeyuvama | |||
Class 1 | uyovama | oyovama | eyovama | akayuvama | ongeyuvama | engeyuvama | |||
Class 2 | bayovama | abayovama | beyovama | abayuvama | abangeyuvama | bengeyuvama | |||
Class 3 | uyovama | oyovama | uyovama | awuyuvama | ongeyuvama | ungeyuvama | |||
Class 4 | iyovama | eyovama | iyovama | ayiyuvama | engeyuvama | ingeyuvama | |||
Class 5 | liyovama | eliyovama | liyovama | aliyuvama | elingeyuvama | lingeyuvama | |||
Class 6 | ayovama | ayovama | eyovama | awayuvama | angeyuvama | engeyuvama | |||
Class 7 | siyovama | esiyovama | siyovama | asiyuvama | esingeyuvama | singeyuvama | |||
Class 8 | ziyovama | eziyovama | ziyovama | aziyuvama | ezingeyuvama | zingeyuvama | |||
Class 9 | iyovama | eyovama | iyovama | ayiyuvama | engeyuvama | ingeyuvama | |||
Class 10 | ziyovama | eziyovama | ziyovama | aziyuvama | ezingeyuvama | zingeyuvama | |||
Class 11 | luyovama | oluyovama | luyovama | aluyuvama | olungeyuvama | lungeyuvama | |||
Class 14 | buyovama | obuyovama | buyovama | abuyuvama | obungeyuvama | bungeyuvama | |||
Class 15 | kuyovama | okuyovama | kuyovama | akuyuvama | okungeyuvama | kungeyuvama | |||
Class 17 | kuyovama | okuyovama | kuyovama | akuyuvama | okungeyuvama | kungeyuvama | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngivame | ngingavami | |||||||
2nd singular | uvame | ungavami | |||||||
1st plural | sivame | singavami | |||||||
2nd plural | nivame | ningavami | |||||||
Class 1 | avame | angavami | |||||||
Class 2 | bavame | bangavami | |||||||
Class 3 | uvame | ungavami | |||||||
Class 4 | ivame | ingavami | |||||||
Class 5 | livame | lingavami | |||||||
Class 6 | avame | angavami | |||||||
Class 7 | sivame | singavami | |||||||
Class 8 | zivame | zingavami | |||||||
Class 9 | ivame | ingavami | |||||||
Class 10 | zivame | zingavami | |||||||
Class 11 | luvame | lungavami | |||||||
Class 14 | buvame | bungavami | |||||||
Class 15 | kuvame | kungavami | |||||||
Class 17 | kuvame | kungavami | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngavama | ngangavama, angavama, angangavama | |||||||
2nd singular | wavama | wangavama, awavama, awangavama | |||||||
1st plural | savama | sangavama, asavama, asangavama | |||||||
2nd plural | navama | nangavama, anavama, anangavama | |||||||
Class 1 | wavama | wangavama, akavama, akangavama | |||||||
Class 2 | bavama | bangavama, abavama, abangavama | |||||||
Class 3 | wavama | wangavama, awavama, awangavama | |||||||
Class 4 | yavama | yangavama, ayavama, ayangavama | |||||||
Class 5 | lavama | langavama, alavama, alangavama | |||||||
Class 6 | avama | angavama, awavama, awangavama | |||||||
Class 7 | savama | sangavama, asavama, asangavama | |||||||
Class 8 | zavama | zangavama, azavama, azangavama | |||||||
Class 9 | yavama | yangavama, ayavama, ayangavama | |||||||
Class 10 | zavama | zangavama, azavama, azangavama | |||||||
Class 11 | lwavama | lwangavama, alwavama, alwangavama | |||||||
Class 14 | bavama | bangavama, abavama, abangavama | |||||||
Class 15 | kwavama | kwangavama, akwavama, akwangavama | |||||||
Class 17 | kwavama | kwangavama, akwavama, akwangavama |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “vama”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “vama (6.3)”
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