See also: and
U+83EF, 華
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83EF

[U+83EE]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+83F0]

U+FAB4, 華
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAB4

[U+FAB3]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+FAB5]

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 140, +8 in traditional Chinese, 艸+7 in mainland China and Japanese, 12 strokes in Chinese in traditional Chinese, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, 11 strokes in Korean, cangjie input 廿一廿十 (TMTJ), four-corner 44504, composition ⿱艹)

Derived characters

References

Chinese

trad.
simp.
alternative forms 𠌶
𦻏


𦾓

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) ; this was the original form of (OC *hʷraː, “flower”). In the bronze inscription form, the top part of the glyph resembles flowers of a plant, and the bottom part () resembles its stalk and leaves. Also phono-semantic (形聲形声) , with (OC *ɢʷa) functioning as the phonetic part. In the seal script, (“grass; plant”) was added as a semantic component.

(𦻏) and 𠌶 were initially the same character, but they were erroneously split in Shuowen into two entries.

Pronunciation 1


Note: waa4-2 - used in names.
Note: ê6 - only used in 華美华美, a village in Chao'an, Guangdong.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghai):
      • Wugniu: 6gho
      • MiniDict: gho
      • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3hho
      • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦo²³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: fa2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɸa̠¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/3
Initial () (33)
Final () (99)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter hwae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦˠua/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦʷᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣua/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦwaɨ/
Li
Rong
/ɣua/
Wang
Li
/ɣwa/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣwa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
huá
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
waa4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
huá
Middle
Chinese
‹ hwæ ›
Old
Chinese
/*N-qʷʰˁra/
English flower (v.); flowery (adj.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/3
No. 5312
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡʷraː/
Notes

Definitions

  1. brilliance; magnificence
       guānghuá   brilliance
  2. (good) times; years; period
       niánhuá   good times
  3. young; youthful
  4. literary grace; talent for literature
  5. prestige; status; fame
  6. colourful; brilliant (especially of carvings and decorations)
  7. magnificent; gorgeous; resplendent
       huá   gorgeous; splendid
  8. delicious; tasty
  9. essence; quintessence
    含英咀含英咀   hányīngjǔhuá   to savour the merits of a literary work
  10. (honorific) your; your honourable
       huádàn   birthday; your birthday
  11. (exalted) Short for 華夏华夏 (Huáxià): land of illustrious clothing and grand ritualChina; Chinese culture
    访   fǎnghuá   to visit China
    大使館大使馆   zhùhuá dàshǐguǎn   embassy in China
    //   huáqiáo / huárén   Chinese residing abroad
  12. Short for 漢語汉语 (Hànyǔ, “Chinese language”).
  13. luxuriant; flourishing; prosperous
       fánhuá   prosperous
  14. noble; influential; eminent
  15. grey (of hair)
  16. flashy; extravagant; showy; ostentatious; florid
    而不實而不实   huá'érbùshí   flashy and without substance
  17. face powder
       qiānhuá   lead face powder
  18. (historical, obsolete) cover of a carriage
  19. (obsolete) fruit (of a cucurbit plant)
  20. Alternative form of (noisy)

Synonyms

  • (China):

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: () (ka)
  • Korean: 화(華) (hwa)
  • Vietnamese: hoa ()

Pronunciation 2



Rime
Character
Reading # 2/3
Initial () (32)
Final () (99)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter xwae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/hˠua/
Pan
Wuyun
/hʷᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen
/xua/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/hwaɨ/
Li
Rong
/xua/
Wang
Li
/xwa/
Bernard
Karlgren
/xwa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
huā
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
faa1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
huā
Middle
Chinese
‹ xwæ ›
Old
Chinese
/*qʷʰˁra/
English flower (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/3
No. 5308
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qʰʷraː/

Definitions

  1. Alternative form of (huā, flower; blossom)
  2. to flower; to blossom
  3. (traditional Chinese medicine) flower pulse; weak pulse
  4. to be dim-sighted; to be dazzled
  5. to dissect; to cut up

Compounds

  • 九華九华
  • 優曇華优昙华
  • 寒木春華寒木春华
  • 春華春华
  • 春華秋實春华秋实
  • 枯楊生華枯杨生华
  • 枯樹生華枯树生华
  • 棣華棣华
  • 法華三昧法华三昧
  • 法華器法华器
  • 法華宗法华宗
  • 法華文句法华文句
  • 法華玄義法华玄义
  • 法華經法华经
  • 狂華狂华
  • 瑤華瑶华
  • 皇皇者華皇皇者华
  • 繁華損枝繁华损枝
  • 舜華舜华
  • 華池华池 (Huáchí)
  • 華萼华萼
  • 華鄂华鄂
  • 蓮華衣莲华衣
  • 襛華𰳺华
  • 賁華贲华
  • 銜華佩實衔华佩实

Pronunciation 3



Rime
Character
Reading # 3/3
Initial () (33)
Final () (99)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter hwaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦˠuaH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦʷᵚaH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣuaH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦwaɨH/
Li
Rong
/ɣuaH/
Wang
Li
/ɣwaH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣwaH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
huà
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
waa6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
huà
Middle
Chinese
‹ hwæH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɢ]ʷˁra-s/
English [name of a mountain]

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 3/3
No. 5316
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡʷraːs/
Notes

Definitions

  1. (~山) Mount Hua (a mountain in Shaanxi)
  2. Original form of (huà, “birch”).
  3. a surname
       Huà Luógēng   Hua Luogeng (mathematician)

Compounds

References

Japanese

Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]

󠄂
+&#xE0102;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
󠄃
+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. flower
  2. flashiness
  3. brilliance, shine
  4. beauty, splendor
  5. fine, white powder
  6. China, Chinese
  7. sixty-one-year-old; kanreki

Readings

From Middle Chinese (MC xwae); compare Mandarin (huā):

From Middle Chinese (MC hwae); compare Mandarin (huá):

From Middle Chinese (MC hwaeH); compare Mandarin (huà):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term

Grade: S
kan’on

/kua//kʷa//ka/

From Middle Chinese (MC hwae).

Pronunciation

  • Some dictionaries apparently classify this reading as either goon or kan'yōon.

Noun

() • (ka) くわ (kwa)?

  1. flashiness, showiness
    Synonym: 虚飾 (kyoshoku)
Idioms

Proper noun

() • (Ka) くわ (kwa)?

  1. a surname
  2. a male or female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
はな
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/pana//fana//hana/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pana.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) [hànáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[4]
  • IPA(key): [ha̠na̠]
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
はな1
[noun] a flower
[noun] Short for 生け花 (ikebana): flower arrangement
[noun] Short for 花札 (hanafuda): Japanese playing cards
[noun] the best days of one's life
[noun] the best thing
[noun] essence
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Derived terms

Idiom

  • 火事(かじ)喧嘩(けんか)江戸(えど)(はな) (kaji to kenka wa Edo no hana)

Proverb

  1. 枯木(こぼく)(はな)(ひら) (koboku hana hiraku)

Proper noun

(はな) • (Hana) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

References

  1. ”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia) (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
  2. Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1826 (paper), page 965 (digital)
  3. Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1033 (paper), page 529 (digital)
  4. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource • (hwa) (hangeul )

  1. bright; colorful

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: hoa ((hộ)(hoa)(thiết))[1][2][3]
: Nôm readings: hoa[1][2][3][4]

  1. chữ Hán form of Hoa (Hoa people).

Compounds

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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