桃花石

Chinese

		peach blossom; luck in love affairs; luck in love	rock; stone; 10 pecks
trad. (桃花石)		桃花	石
simp. ^#(桃花石)		桃花	石

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): táohuāshí

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄠˊ ㄏㄨㄚㄕˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: táohuāshí
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˊ ㄏㄨㄚㄕˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: táohuashíh
  - Wade–Giles: tʻao²-hua¹-shih²
  - Yale: táu-hwā-shŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taurhuashyr
  - Palladius: таохуаши (taoxuaši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

Middle Chinese: daw xwae dzyek

Rime
Character	桃	花	石
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	曉 (32)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	麻 (99)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	II	III
Fanqie	徒刀切	呼瓜切	常隻切
Baxter	daw	xwae	dzyek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑu/	/hˠua/	/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑu/	/hʷᵚa/	/d͡ʑiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑu/	/xua/	/d͡ʑiæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/daw/	/hwaɨ/	/d͡ʑiajk̚/
Li Rong	/dɑu/	/xua/	/ʑiɛk̚/
Wang Li	/dɑu/	/xwa/	/ʑĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑu/	/xwa/	/ʑi̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	táo	huā	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tou⁴	faa¹	sik⁶

Noun

桃花石

peach blossom stone (a pink-coloured mineral produced in Hunan)

Etymology 2

Phono-semantic matching of Turkic; compare Old Turkic 𐱃𐰉𐰍𐰲 (tabγač, “Tuoba, a Xianbei clan; the Chinese”). Compare 拓跋 (MC thak bat), 拓拔氏 (MC thak bjot dzyeX).

Proper noun

桃花石

(obsolete) Name of China used by people in Central Asia in the 13^th century.

Synonyms

中 (abbreviation)
中原 (Zhōngyuán)
中國／中国 (Zhōngguó)
中華／中华 (Zhōnghuá)
九州 (Jiǔzhōu)
唐山 (Tángshān)
域中 (yùzhōng) (literary, figurative)
天下 (tiānxià) (lofty)
天朝 (Tiāncháo) (historical or Internet slang)
支那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete, now usually derogatory or offensive)
桃花石 (Táohuāshí) (obsolete)
猜拿 (cāiná) (transliteration of English China)
神州 (Shénzhōu) (literary)
種花家／种花家 (Zhònghuājiā) (slang, humorous)
脂那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete)
至那 (Zhìnà) (obsolete)
華／华 (abbreviation)
華夏／华夏 (Huáxià)
諸夏／诸夏 (Zhūxià)
諸華／诸华 (Zhūhuá)
赤縣／赤县 (Chìxiàn) (literary)
赤縣神州／赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu) (literary)
震旦 (Zhèndàn) (archaic)

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