See also: , , and
U+6C23, 氣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C23

[U+6C22]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6C24]

Translingual

Traditional
Shinjitai
Simplified

Han character

(Kangxi radical 84, +6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人弓火木 (ONFD), four-corner 80917, composition )

Derived characters

  • , 𠺪, 𡦎, , 𭡾, , , , , 𦞝, 𥎃, 𧜃, 𧎵, 𧤟, 𧪢, 𧱲, 𧹵, 𮠼, 𣱬, , 𬂕, , , 𩥀, 𪸃, 𪒉, , 𪖴, 𫨥, 𤅴
  • 𣯘, 𩘞, 𭯴, 𭯵, 𣱯, 𫉀, 𥧔, 𧏨, 𧜚, 𡈏, 𮕇, 𣀽

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 599, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17059
  • Dae Jaweon: page 990, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2011, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+6C23

Chinese

trad.
simp. *
alternative forms
 


𣱛
𣱖
𤽍


𣱛
𣱖
𤽍

𣅠

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds) : phonetic (OC *kʰɯds) + semantic (rice) – to give rice as a gift.

Later borrowed meanings of “air, flow” from (OC *kʰɯds). The derivative (OC *qʰɯds) refers to the original word. Compare (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).

Pronunciation 1


Note: khùi - vernacular, khì - literary.
Note:
  • ki3 - literary;
  • kui3 - vernacular.
    • Wu
      • (Shanghai):
        • Wugniu: 5chi
        • MiniDict: chi
        • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 2qi
        • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰi³⁴/
    • Xiang
      • (Changsha)
        • Wiktionary: qi4
        • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
Qingdao /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰi³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕʰji²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰi²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi³²⁴/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /hi⁵³/
Taoyuan /hi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hei³³/
Nanning /hi³³/
Hong Kong /hei³³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰi²¹/
/kʰui²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰɛi²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰi³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /kʰi²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /xi³⁵/
/xui³⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (29)
Final () (20)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter khj+jH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰɨiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰɨiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰiəiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰɨjH/
Li
Rong
/kʰiəiH/
Wang
Li
/kʰĭəiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰe̯iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hei3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ khjɨjH ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.qʰəp-s/
English cloudy vapors

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 10140
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰɯds/

Definitions

  1. gas (matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma)
    天然天然   tiānrán   natural gas
    輪胎轮胎   Lúntāi lòu le.   The tire is leaking gas.
  2. (meteorology) air
    出去出去   Chūqù tòu tòu!   Go out to breathe fresh air!
  3. breath (Classifier: m;  m;  c)
    喘不過喘不过   chuǎnbùguò lái   to be out of breath
    戰鬥最后 [MSC, trad.]
    战斗最后 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ huì zhàndòu dào zuìhòu yī kǒu . [Pinyin]
    I will fight to my last breath.
  4. (Chinese philosophy, traditional Chinese medicine) qi; vital energy; life force
       yuán   vital energy
          to be deficient in vital energy
  5. weather
       tiān   weather
       hòu   climate
  6. smell; odour
       wèi   smell
    滿身满身   mǎnshēn jiǔ    to have the odor of alcohol all over one's body
  7. anger (Classifier: c;  c;  c)
       shēng   to get angry
       xiāo xiāo   to calm down
  8. to be angry
       Wǒ hěn .   I'm very angry.
       kū le   to cry because one was so mad
  9. to make angry; to annoy; to anger; to enrage
       Bié wǒ!   Don't annoy me!
  10. quality; character; spirit; mettle
    男人男人   yǒu nánrén    to be manly
    書生书生   shūshēng    bookishness
  11. vitality; vigor; morale; spirit
       gài   mettle; lofty quality
    一鼓作一鼓作   yīgǔzuò   to accomplish in one vigorous effort
  12. bad habit; bad practice
  13. a surname: Qi
Synonyms
  • (smell):
  • (to be angry):
  • (vitality):

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: () (ki)
  • Korean: 기(氣) (gi)
  • Vietnamese: khí ()

Pronunciation 2



Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (32)
Final () (20)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter xj+jH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/hɨiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/hɨiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/xiəiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/hɨjH/
Li
Rong
/xiəiH/
Wang
Li
/xĭəiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/xe̯iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hei3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ xjɨjH ›
Old
Chinese
/*qʰət-s/
English to present food

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 10143
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qʰɯds/
Notes

Definitions

  1. Original form of (, “to give food as a gift”).

Compounds

References

Japanese

Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

Readings

  • Go-on: (ke)
  • Kan-on: (ki)
  • Kun: いき (iki, )

Usage notes

Not used in modern Japanese. Replaced by the shinjitai form .

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC khj+jH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448킝〮 (Yale: khúy)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527긔〮운〮 (Yale: kúywún)ᄭᅴ〮 (Yale: skúy)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource (eumhun 기운 (giun gi))

  1. Hanja form? of (energy, aura, vitality, vigour). [noun]

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: khí

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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