覆

覆 (Kangxi radical 146, 襾+12, 18 strokes, cangjie input 一田竹人水 (MWHOE), four-corner 1024₇, composition ⿱覀復)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1129, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34789
• Dae Jaweon: page 1598, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2808, character 9
• Unihan data for U+8986
• Unihan data for U+FAB7

Historical forms of the character 覆
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Qin slip script	Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ) : semantic 襾 + phonetic 復 (OC *buɡs, *buɡ).

覆

1. to cover

   • 夫天無不覆，地無不載。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     夫天无不覆，地无不载。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Fú tiān wú bù fù, dì wú bù zǎi. [Pinyin]

     There is nothing which Heaven does not cover, and nothing which Earth does not sustain.

2. to tip over; to overturn; to flip over

   鼎覆過來。 [Hokkien, trad.]
   鼎覆过来。 [Hokkien, simp.]

   Tiáⁿ phak kè-lâi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   The wok flipped over.

   • 君者，舟也。庶人者，水也。水則載舟，水則覆舟。故君人者，欲安，則莫若平政愛民矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     君者，舟也。庶人者，水也。水则载舟，水则覆舟。故君人者，欲安，则莫若平政爱民矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Jūn zhě, zhōu yě. Shùrén zhě, shuǐ yě. Shuǐ zé zǎi zhōu, shuǐ zé fù zhōu. Gù jūn rén zhě, yù ān, zé mò ruò píngzhèng àimín yǐ. [Pinyin]

     The ruler is the boat; the common people are the water. The water carries the boat; the water overturns the boat. Thus, should the ruler wish for stability, there is nothing better than to govern with equity and to care for the people.

   • 車既覆而馬顛兮，蹇獨懷此異路。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     车既覆而马颠兮，蹇独怀此异路。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE

     Chē jì fù ér mǎ diān xī, jiǎn dú huái cǐ yì lù. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

3. (obsolete) to pour out
4. to return (simplifies to 复)
5. to reply (simplifies to 复)

   你覆咗佢封email未？ [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

   nei⁵ fuk¹ zo² keoi⁵ fung¹ email mei⁶? [Jyutping]

   Have you replied to his email yet?

6. to destroy; to overturn; to perish

   覆滅／覆灭  ―  fùmiè  ―  to perish

   • 子曰：「惡紫之奪朱也，惡鄭聲之亂雅樂也，惡利口之覆邦家者。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：「恶紫之夺朱也，恶郑声之乱雅乐也，恶利口之覆邦家者。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐyuē: “Wù zǐ zhī duó zhū yě, wù Zhèng shēng zhī luàn yǎyuè yě, wù lìkǒu zhī fù bāngjiā zhě.” [Pinyin]

     The Master said, "I hate the manner in which purple takes away the luster of vermilion. I hate the way in which the songs of Zheng confound the music of the Ya. I hate those who with their sharp mouths overthrow kingdoms and families."

7. again

   alt. forms: 複／复 (fù)

8. (Hokkien) to lie on one's stomach; to rest one's body on a surface
9. (Mainland China Hokkien) to press close to; to nestle up against

覆 was always simplified to 复 in 1964-1986, but now it still simplifies to 复 only in the meaning of "to return/reply". So words like 答覆, 反覆 and 回覆 still simplify to 答复, 反复 and 回复 in Simplified Chinese respectively. But in other meanings, 覆 no longer simplifies to 复, e.g. 翻覆, 覆蓋, 顛覆, 傾覆, 覆轍.

• (to lie on one's stomach): 趴 (pā)
• (to press close to):

• “覆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. capsize, cover, shade, mantle, be ruined

From Middle Chinese 覆 (MC phjuwk); compare Mandarin 覆 (fù):

• Go-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 覆 (MC phjuwH); compare Mandarin 覆 (fù):

• Go-on: ふ (fu)
• Kan-on: ふう (fū)
• Kan’yō-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 覆 (MC bjuwH); compare Mandarin 覆 (fù):

• Go-on: ぶ (bu)
• Kan-on: ふう (fū)
• Kan’yō-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)

From native Japanese roots:

• Kun: おおう (ōu, 覆う, Jōyō)^{←おほふ (ofofu, 覆ふ, historical)}; くつがえる (kutsugaeru, 覆る, Jōyō)^{←くつがへる (kutugaferu, 覆る, historical)}; くつがえす (kutsugaesu, 覆す, Jōyō)^{←くつがへす (kutugafesu, 覆す, historical)}; おおい (ōi, 覆い)^{←おほひ (ofofi, 覆ひ, historical)}; かえす (kaesu, 覆す)^{←かへす (kafesu, 覆す, historical)}; かえる (kaeru, 覆る)^{←かへる (kaferu, 覆る, historical)}

覆 (eumhun 다시 복 (dasi bok))

1. Hanja form^? of 복 (“again”).

覆 (eumhun 덮을 부 (deopeul bu))

1. Hanja form^? of 부 (“cover”).
2. Hanja form^? of 부 (“tip over”).
3. Hanja form^? of 부 (“return”).
4. Hanja form^? of 부 (“reply”).

覆: Hán Nôm readings: phú, phủ, phúc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.