土

土 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 土 (G), four-corner 4010₀, composition ⿱十一)

1. Kangxi radical #32, ⼟.

• Appendix:Chinese radical/土
• 𫡢, 吐, 𡚳, 𢎳, 𢓂, 𪫞, 扗, 汢, 肚, 杜, 𣧅, 灶, 牡, 𤣰, 社, 𨑒, 𥃾, 𥝟, 𬡃, 𫊥, 䝅, 𧺔, 𮛄, 𨑡, 𪶇, 釷 (钍), 靯, 𩡶, 𩵚 (𬶂), 𪐢, 𡉗, 𨙭, 𤬪, 壻, 䲧, 䵺
• 凷, 𫧀, 𫲵, 尘, 圧, 庄, 𢨫, 芏, 𬻁, 至, 𣂓, 𭎊, 𦉷, 𥤧, 𭯼, 㽵, 茔, 里, 𥫦, 𮓛, 𦯀, 䦌 (𮤬), 𫕞, 𭎭, 𣵹, 𤥷, 𡴠, 𩫽, 烾, 𤍢, 𪔋, 墨, 皨, 䜃, 𰀔, 㦱, 𧗥, 㐋, 去, 𠮷, 𡕟, 寺, 𢖽, 𭟯, 𣏅, 灻, 𣏄, 赤, 走, 赱, 幸, 𥸮, 𫅢, 𮤇, 𪔄, 𪔌

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 223, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4867
• Dae Jaweon: page 453, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 415, character 1
• Unihan data for U+571F

Historical forms of the character 土
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) : a lump of clay on a potter’s wheel.

There is no obvious cognate and etymology, unless it may be related to Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ (Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”), Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)). However, this would require the assumption of a shift from front vowel to Old Chinese *a (Schuessler, 2007).

Probably related to 社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”).

土

1. earth; soil

   土堆  ―  tǔduī  ―  mound; hillock

   這兒的土夠肥的。 [MSC, trad.]
   这儿的土够肥的。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de. [Pinyin]

   The soil here is quite fertile.

2. (dialectal) dust
3. land

   國土／国土  ―  guótǔ  ―  territory

   寸土不讓／寸土不让  ―  cùntǔbùràng  ―  to not give up a single inch of one's territory

   • 溥天之下，莫非王土。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Pǔtiān zhī xià, mòfēi wángtǔ. [Pinyin]

     Under the wide heaven,
     All is the king's land.

4. crude opium

   煙土／烟土  ―  yāntǔ  ―  crude opium

5. hometown; native place

   故土  ―  gùtǔ  ―  native land; native place

6. local; native; indigenous

   土著  ―  tǔzhù  ―  aboriginal

   土話／土话  ―  tǔhuà  ―  local dialect

7. rustic; unsophisticated; uncouth; vulgar; tasteless; uncultured

   我覺得東北話實在太土了。 [MSC, trad.]
   我觉得东北话实在太土了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le. [Pinyin]

   I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.

8. indigenous; traditional and used by the common people

   土法  ―  tǔfǎ  ―  traditional method used by the common people; indigenous method

   土槍／土枪  ―  tǔ qiāng  ―  gun manufactured using indigenous methods

9. (～族) the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol
10. Short for 土耳其 (Tǔ'ěrqí, “Turkey”).

    俄土戰爭／俄土战争  ―  É Tǔ zhànzhēng  ―  Russo-Turkish War

11. a surname

• (earth):

• (dust):

• (land): 土地 (tǔdì)
• (hometown):

• (antonym(s) of “indigenous”): 洋 (yáng)

土

1. ^† Alternative form of 杜 (dù, “root”)

   • 迨天之未陰雨、徹彼桑土、綢繆牖戶。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     迨天之未阴雨、彻彼桑土、绸缪牖户。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Dài tiān zhī wèi yīnyǔ, chè bǐ sāngdù, chóumóu yǒuhù. [Pinyin]

     Before the sky was dark with rain,
     I gathered the roots of the mulberry tree,
     And bound round and round my window and door.

2. ^† An ancient river

土

1. ^† Only used in 土苴 (chǎzhǎ).

土

1. Only used in 土門／土门 (Túmén).

• “土”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00740
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00831-001
• “Entry #192”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

• Go-on: つ (tsu)
• Kan-on: と (to, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: ど (do, Jōyō)
• Kun: つち (tsuchi, 土, Jōyō)
• Nanori: ひじ (hiji)

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1][2]

• (Tokyo) つち​ [tsùchíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2][3]
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨ̥ᵝt͡ɕi]

土(つち) • (tsuchi) 

1. earth, soil, mud
2. the ground

• 土(つち)狼(おおかみ) (tsuchiōkami)
• 土豚(つちぶた) (tsuchibuta)
• 真(ま)土(つち) (matsuchi)

• 土(つち)を踏(ふ)む (tsuchi o fumu, “tread on the ground → enter a foreign country”)

Short form of the ateji spelling 土耳古(トルコ) (Toruko).

土(と) • (To) 

1. Short for トルコ (Toruko): Turkey

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 土 (MC duX).

• (Tokyo) ど​ [dóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
• IPA^(key): [do̞]

土(ど) • (do) 

1. earth, soil
2. land, ground, territory
3. earth (one of the five elements)
4. Short for 土曜日 (doyōbi): Saturday

From Middle Chinese 土 (MC thuX).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [tʰo̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [토]

Wikisource 土 (eumhun 흙 토 (heuk to))

1. Hanja form^? of 토 (“earth; soil”). [affix]
2. Hanja form^? of 토 (“Short for 토요일(土曜日) (toyoil, “Saturday”).”).

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

土: Hán Việt readings: thổ (他(tha)魯(lỗ)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
土: Nôm readings: thổ[1][2][4], độ[2], thuở[2]

1. chữ Hán form of thổ (“earth; soil; land”).