< Radiation astronomy < Particles
This image shows a rock apparently where it fell. Credit: Sten Porse.

Particles astronomy is a lecture from the radiation astronomy department that is under development for possible inclusion in the course on the principles of radiation astronomy.

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Quiz

  

1 True or False, A lithometeor is a rocky-object meteor.

TRUE
FALSE

2 Meteorites found on Earth may be from which of the following?

Saturn
Mercury
the Moon
the asteroid belt
Jupiter
Mars
Earth

3 True or False, A cryometeor is a very large chunk of amber.

TRUE
FALSE

4 Complete the text:

An aerometeor is a

unit of air traveling or

through an atmosphere.

5 True or False, A metallic or stony object that is the remains of a meteor is called a meteoroid.

TRUE
FALSE

6 On 19 May 1910, the Earth actually passed through the tail of what comet.

7 True or False, The observations of planetary motion agree with computed orbits to the accuracy of the observations.

TRUE
FALSE

8 Various gaps and density minima have been observed in the Saturnian

system.

9 True or False, Micrometeoroids have less stable orbits than meteoroids.

TRUE
FALSE

10 Which of the following are characteristic of a binary formed via gravitational fragmentation?

the local Jeans length
the local speed of sound
the mean molecular weight
the electron neutrino
the mean particle density
neutrons

11 True or False, A new cosmogony predicts that all particles in one stream have the same mineral composition.

TRUE
FALSE

12 Complete the text:

The moon was formed independently of the earth and later

, presumably by a

interaction.

13 True or False, A hydrometeor is a precipitation product.

TRUE
FALSE

14 The charge on a planetary dust particle may change with?

15 Yes or No, A cometary orbit about the Sun is a radiation astronomy phenomenon.

Yes
No

16 Which weather phenomena are most likely to interfere with observing stars?

a late-summer rainstorm
a clear sky
an approaching dust storm
below normal temperatures
a typhoon
a snow fall
fog

17 True or False, To date, all of the reported hypervelocity stars (HVSs), which are believed to be ejected from the Galactic center, are blue.

TRUE
FALSE

18 Any natural object radiating through a portion or all of a natural object's atmosphere may be called a what?

19 True or False, Olivine is a silicate mineral that may be detected in cometary coma dust with green astronomy.

TRUE
FALSE

20 Which of the following are astronomical phenomena associated with the Sun as a likely source?

coronal clouds
cosmic rays
neutrinos
Oh My God type particles
meteors
comets
blue rays

21 Why is much of the surface of Mars covered with red iron oxide dust when the rocks that compose much of its surface are blue or violet?

Mars has been systematically bombarded with small iron-nickel meteorites or micrometeorites that oxidize in its atmosphere
Mars has been frequently bombarded with hematite containing micrometeorites
asteroid impacts on Mars may have forced iron from near its core into the atmosphere and onto the surface as hematite dust that oxidized
Mars is like Earth in surface hematite composition, but Earth has much more water
precipitation from iron-rich water

22 Which of the following is not a radiation phenomenon associated with a comet?

airglow
elongated dust particles
high albedo
olivine
Rayleighs
coronal mass ejection

23 Which of the following are radiation astronomy phenomena associated with the apparent liquid-object Earth?

rain
snow
hail
neutron emission
polar coronal holes
meteor emission
rotation

24 Complete the text:

Bombardment by protostellar

may make the rock

of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions

and chondrules radioactive, producing

found in meteorites that are difficult to obtain with other mechanisms.

25 Complete the text:

Cosmic rays with energies over the

energy of 5 x 1019

interact with

photons to produce

via the resonance.

26 The relative abundances of solar cosmic rays reflect those of the solar

27 Complete the text:

The

tracks in emulsion chambers have been used for

measurements of

nuclei above

in a series of balloon-borne experiments.

28 True or False, Violent activity and supernovae generate cosmic-ray superthermal particles.

TRUE
FALSE

29 A cosmic ray may originate from what astronomical source?

Jupiter
the solar wind
the diffuse X-ray background
Mount Redoubt in Alaska
the asteroid belt
an active galactic nucleus

30 True or False, A small amount of aluminum-26 is produced by collisions of magnesium atoms with cosmic-ray protons.

TRUE
FALSE

31 Ionization within the Earth's atmosphere from cosmic rays has what property?

it's subject to solar eclipses
it increases underwater
cosmic rays do not penetrate the atmosphere
is higher at the base of the Eiffel tower rather than the top
is obscured by hot-air balloons
the ionization rate rises at rising elevation

32 True or False, The feature that makes deep inelastic lepton scattering and e+e- annihilation tractable is that these processes proceed via the electromagnetic and strong interactions.

TRUE
FALSE

33 Yes or No, Van Allen radiation belt electrons are constantly removed by collisions with atmospheric neutrals, losses to the magnetopause, and outward radial diffusion.

Yes
No

34 Yes or No, Beta particles (electrons) are more penetrating than alpha particles, but still can be absorbed by a few millimeters of aluminum.

Yes
No

35 Which types of radiation astronomy directly observe the rocky-object surface of Venus?

meteor astronomy
cosmic-ray astronomy
neutron astronomy
proton astronomy
beta-ray astronomy
neutrino astronomy
gamma-ray astronomy
X-ray astronomy
ultraviolet astronomy
visual astronomy
infrared astronomy
submillimeter astronomy
radio astronomy
radar astronomy
microwave astronomy
superluminal astronomy

36 Yes or No, Beta particles are high-energy, high-speed electrons or positrons emitted by certain types of radioactive nuclei.

Yes
No

37 When the Earth is viewed from space using X-ray astronomy what characteristic is readily observed?

the magnetic north pole
the Hudson Bay meteorite crater
the South Atlantic Anomaly
the Bermuda Triangle
solar positron events
electrons striking the ionosphere

38 True or False, Electrons in the Earth's magnetosphere are energized by neutral particles from the Sun.

TRUE
FALSE

39 Complete the text:

Match up the item letter with each of the possibilities below:
Meteors - A
Cosmic rays - B
Neutrons - C
Protons - D
Electrons - E
Positrons - F
Gamma rays - G
Superluminals - H
X-ray jets

the index of refraction is often greater than 1 just below a resonance frequency

.
iron, nickel, cobalt, and traces of iridium

.
Sagittarius X-1

.
escape from a typical hard low-mass X-ray binary

.
collisions with argon atoms

.
X-rays are emitted as they slow down

.
Henry Moseley using X-ray spectra

.

40 Yes or No, Positron astronomy is 30 years old but remains in its infancy.

Yes
No

41 What are some of the characteristics of Jovian electrons?

hard spectrum
Jovian electrons near Earth are on their way to the Sun
an energy power law
flux increases with 27 day periodicities
at 1 AU, flux decreases exhibit a short-term modulation of 13 minutes
come in mutable varieties

42 Yes or No, A clumpiness in the galactic halo is through a spatially continuous elevation in the density of dark matter, rather than the more realistic discrete distribution of clumps.

Yes
No

Hypotheses

  1. The radiation astronomy of beta particles (electrons and positrons as a group) may provide insight into fusion reactions above the Sun's photosphere.

See also

{{Radiation astronomy resources}}

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