濟
| ||||||||
Translingual
| Traditional | 濟 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 済 |
| Simplified | 济 |
Han character
濟 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 水卜難 (EYX), four-corner 30123, composition ⿰氵齊)
Derived characters
- 𫬵
Related characters
- 済 (Japanese shinjitai)
- 济 (Simplified Chinese)
Further reading
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 656, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18498
- Dae Jaweon: page 1066, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1771, character 12
- Unihan data for U+6FDF
Chinese
| trad. | 濟 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 济 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 儕 | *zriːl |
| 麡 | *zriːl, *ʔsliːl, *zliːl |
| 齋 | *ʔsriːl |
| 穧 | *ʔsleds, *ʔsliːls, *zliːls |
| 擠 | *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls |
| 躋 | *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls |
| 齏 | *ʔsliːl |
| 齎 | *ʔsliːl, *ʔslil |
| 櫅 | *ʔsliːl |
| 齌 | *ʔsliːl, *sʰliːl, *zliːls |
| 隮 | *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls |
| 賷 | *ʔsliːl |
| 虀 | *ʔsliːl |
| 濟 | *ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls |
| 癠 | *ʔsliːlʔ, *zliːl, *zliːlʔ, *zliːls |
| 霽 | *ʔsliːls |
| 齊 | *zliːl, *zliːls |
| 臍 | *zliːl |
| 蠐 | *zliːl, *zlil |
| 懠 | *zliːl, *zliːls |
| 薺 | *zliːlʔ, *zlil |
| 鱭 | *zliːlʔ |
| 嚌 | *zliːls |
| 劑 | *zliːls, *ʔslel |
| 齍 | *ʔslil |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).
Etymology 1
Austroasiatic. Base form, without nominal n-infix, of 西 (OC *snə̂i) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for etymology.
津 (OC *ʔslin) is its n-nominalized derivative (ibid.).
Pronunciation
Compounds
- 不存不濟／不存不济
- 不存濟／不存济
- 不濟／不济 (bùjì)
- 不濟事／不济事
- 不經濟／不经济
- 不良事濟／不良事济
- 不通濟／不通济
- 以水濟水／以水济水
- 伯濟國／伯济国
- 低碳經濟／低碳经济 (dītàn jīngjì)
- 俵濟／俵济
- 假公濟私／假公济私 (jiǎgōngjìsī)
- 公私兩濟／公私两济
- 共濟一堂／共济一堂
- 兼濟／兼济
- 剛柔並濟／刚柔并济
- 剛柔相濟／刚柔相济 (gāngróuxiāngjì)
- 力濟九區／力济九区
- 功濟宇內／功济宇内
- 劫富濟貧／劫富济贫 (jiéfùjìpín)
- 匡俗濟時／匡俗济时
- 匡時濟世／匡时济世 (kuāngshíjìshì)
- 匡時濟俗／匡时济俗
- 匡濟／匡济 (kuāngjì)
- 匡濟之才／匡济之才
- 博愛濟群／博爱济群
- 博施濟眾／博施济众
- 博濟醫院／博济医院
- 史瓦濟蘭同惡相濟／史瓦济兰同恶相济
- 同濟／同济 (tóngjì)
- 同舟共濟／同舟共济 (tóngzhōugòngjì)
- 同舟而濟／同舟而济
- 同船濟水／同船济水
- 周濟／周济 (zhōujì)
- 和衷共濟／和衷共济 (hézhōnggòngjì)
- 命運兩濟／命运两济
- 失業救濟／失业救济
- 存濟／存济
- 安濟坊／安济坊
- 寬猛相濟／宽猛相济
- 幹濟／干济
- 康濟／康济
- 康濟錄／康济录
- 得濟／得济
- 恩威並濟／恩威并济
- 慈濟大學／慈济大学
- 懸壺濟世／悬壶济世 (xuánhújìshì)
- 才能幹濟／才能干济
- 扶傾濟弱／扶倾济弱
- 扶危濟困／扶危济困
- 拔刀相濟／拔刀相济
- 拔濟／拔济
- 拔濟火宅／拔济火宅
- 拯溺濟危／拯溺济危
- 振貧濟乏／振贫济乏
- 捐軀濟難／捐躯济难
- 接濟／接济 (jiējì)
- 撥亂濟危／拨乱济危
- 撥亂濟時／拨乱济时
- 救濟／救济 (jiùjì)
- 救濟金／救济金 (jiùjìjīn)
- 救濟院／救济院
- 文武兼濟／文武兼济
- 斐濟／斐济 (Fěijì)
- 方濟谷派／方济谷派
- 於事無濟／于事无济
- 時運不濟／时运不济 (shíyùnbùjì)
- 普濟寺／普济寺
- 普濟眾生／普济众生
- 普濟群生／普济群生
- 本事不濟／本事不济
- 永濟渠／永济渠
- 津濟／津济
- 濟世／济世 (jìshì)
- 濟世之才／济世之才
- 濟世匡時／济世匡时
- 濟世安人／济世安人
- 濟世安民／济世安民
- 濟世安邦／济世安邦
- 濟世愛民／济世爱民
- 濟世救人／济世救人
- 濟世經邦／济世经邦
- 濟事／济事 (jìshì)
- 濟人／济人
- 濟人利物／济人利物
- 濟公傳／济公传
- 濟公活佛／济公活佛
- 濟助／济助
- 濟勝之具／济胜之具
- 濟困扶危／济困扶危
- 濟寒賑貧／济寒赈贫
- 濟州／济州 (Jìzhōu)
- 濟度／济度
- 濟弱扶傾／济弱扶倾
- 濟弱扶危／济弱扶危
- 濟弱鋤強／济弱锄强
- 濟急／济急
- 濟惡／济恶
- 濟惠／济惠
- 濟拔／济拔
- 濟時拯世／济时拯世
- 濟時行道／济时行道
- 濟河焚舟／济河焚舟
- 濟渡／济渡
- 濟生／济生
- 濟美／济美
- 濟苦憐貧／济苦怜贫
- 濟貧／济贫 (jìpín)
- 濟貧拔苦／济贫拔苦
- 濟顛／济颠
- 災害救濟／灾害救济
- 無存濟／无存济
- 無濟於事／无济于事 (wújìyúshì)
- 無濟無主／无济无主
- 爛不濟／烂不济
- 痊濟／痊济
- 百濟／百济 (Bǎijì)
- 相濟／相济 (xiāngjì)
- 社會救濟／社会救济
- 經世濟民／经世济民 (jīngshìjìmín)
- 經國濟民／经国济民
- 經濟／经济 (jīngjì)
- 經綸濟世／经纶济世
- 緩不濟急／缓不济急 (huǎnbùjìjí)
- 緩急相濟／缓急相济
- 自力救濟／自力救济 (zìlì jiùjì)
- 蔣濟／蒋济
- 行政救濟／行政救济
- 表裡相濟／表里相济
- 賑濟／赈济 (zhènjì)
- 賑窮濟乏／赈穷济乏
- 賙濟／赒济 (zhōujì)
- 通濟渠／通济渠
- 道濟／道济
- 道濟天下／道济天下
- 開濟／开济
- 難存濟／难存济
- 額濟納河／额济纳河
- 額爾濟斯河／额尔济斯河
- 養濟／养济
- 養濟院／养济院
- 首尾共濟／首尾共济
- 鳳毛濟美／凤毛济美
Pronunciation
Compounds
Etymology 3
| trad. | 濟 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 济 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Yue-Hashimoto (1976) relates it to Proto-Tai *ʰlaːjᴬ (“many; much”), whence Zhuang lai. This Tai word is probably related to 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 多 (“many; much”) [map]
References
- “濟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02354
- The template Template:R:nan:thcwda does not use the parameter(s):
1=305
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.“(#)”, in 臺灣閩南語按呢寫, Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2013. - “Entry #12239”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
- 劉建仁 (2012 April 29) “濟•多（tse⊦／tsue⊦）──多”, in 台灣話的語源與理據 (in Chinese), retrieved 2016-08-21
Korean
Etymology
- “to help; etc.”
From Middle Chinese 濟 (MC tsejH).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean 졩〮 (Yale: cyéy?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 거느〮릴〯 졔〯 / 건널〮 졔〯 | Recorded as Middle Korean 졔〯 (cyěy) (Yale: cyěy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. |
| Early Modern Korean | ||
| Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
| Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | 건널 졔 | Recorded as Early Modern Korean 졔 (Yale: cyey) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |
- “many”
From Middle Chinese 濟 (MC tsejX).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean 졩〯 (Yale: cyěy?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
| Early Modern Korean | ||
| Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
| Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | 셩ᄒᆞᆯ 졔 | Recorded as Early Modern Korean 졔 (Yale: cyey) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕe̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [제(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Compounds
Vietnamese
References
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).
- Bonet (1899).
- Génibrel (1898).
- Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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