百濟

See also: 百済 and 百济

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (百濟)		百	濟
simp. (百济)		百	济

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Bǎijì

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˇ ㄐㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): baak³ zai³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Bǎijì
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˇ ㄐㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Bǎijì
  - Wade–Giles: Pai³-chi⁴
  - Yale: Bǎi-jì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Baejih
  - Palladius: Байцзи (Bajczi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: baak³ zai³
  - Yale: baak jai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: baak⁸ dzai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: bag³ zei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːk̚³ t͡sɐi̯³³/

Middle Chinese: paek tsejH

Rime
Character	百	濟
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	陌 (113)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	IV
Fanqie	博陌切	子計切
Baxter	paek	tsejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠæk̚/	/t͡sei^H/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚak̚/	/t͡sei^H/
Shao Rongfen	/pak̚/	/t͡sɛi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paɨjk̚/	/t͡sɛj^H/
Li Rong	/pɐk̚/	/t͡sei^H/
Wang Li	/pɐk̚/	/t͡siei^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pɐk̚/	/t͡siei^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bo	jì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bak¹	zai³

Proper noun

百濟

Baekje (one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea)

Coordinate terms

高句麗／高句丽 (Gāogōulí)
新羅／新罗 (Xīnluó)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (百濟):

→ Japanese: 百(ひゃく)済(さい) (Hyakusai)

Korean

Hanja in this term
百	濟

Proper noun

百濟 • (Baekje) (hangeul 백제)

Hanja form^? of 백제.

Old Japanese

Etymology

From Old Korean 居陀羅 (*Kutara, name of an important place in Baekje territory).[1]

The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 百濟 (MC paek tsejH).

Proper noun

百濟 (Kudara) (kana くだら)

Baekje (one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea)
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 8, poem 1431:
  , text here
  百濟野乃芽古枝爾待春跡居之鶯鳴爾鷄鵡鴨
  Kudara-no₁ no₂ pagi₂ puruye ni paru matu to₂ worisi ugupi₁su naki₁nike₁mu ka mo
  At the field of Baekje with the bush clover’s old branch, I have sat with a nightingale waiting for spring; I should have been crying!

Coordinate terms

狛 (Ko₂ma, “Goguryeo”)
新羅 (Siraki₂, “Silla”)

Derived terms

百濟王 (Kudara no₂ ko₂niki₁si)

Descendants

Japanese: 百済 (Kudara)

References

“百済”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
百	濟

Proper noun

百濟

chữ Hán form of Bách Tế (“Baekje”).

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