2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries
January to August 2024
Non-binding preferential vote
 
Candidate Chase Oliver Michael Rectenwald
Home state Georgia Pennsylvania
Contests won 1 0
Percentage 42.7% 16.9%
 
Candidate Mike ter Maat Joshua Smith
Home state Florida Iowa
Contests won 0 0
Percentage 13.5% 13.5%
Previous Libertarian nominee

Jo Jorgensen


The 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries and caucuses will be a series of electoral contests to indicate non-binding preferences for the Libertarian Party (LP) presidential nominee in the 2024 presidential election. These differ from the Republican or Democratic presidential primaries and caucuses in that they do not appoint delegates to represent a candidate at the party's convention to select the party's presidential nominee. The party's nominee will be chosen directly by registered delegates at the 2024 Libertarian National Convention, scheduled to take place from May 24 to 26, 2024 in Washington, D.C.[1][2]

Results



Legend:   1st place
(popular vote)		 2nd place
(popular vote)		 3rd place
(popular vote)		 Candidate has
withdrawn		 Candidate unable to
appear on ballot
Date Contest Candidates and results

Jacob Hornberger
Lars Mapstead
Chase Oliver
Art Olivier
Michael Rectenwald
Joshua Smith
Mike ter Maat
Other
January 15 Iowa
(98 of 99 counties reporting)[3]		 1.1% 1.1% 42.7% 1.1% 16.9% 13.5% 13.5% 9.0%[lower-alpha 1]
March 5 Massachusetts TBD Not on ballot TBD Not on ballot TBD
North Carolina TBD Not on ballot TBD
California Not on ballot
Oklahoma TBD Not on ballot TBD Not on ballot
June 4 New Mexico Not on ballot TBD Not on ballot

Major candidates

As of January 2024, at least 35 candidates have filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for the Libertarian Party nomination in 2024.[4] In previous cycles, the majority of these candidates did not appear on any ballots, raise money, or otherwise attempt to formally run a campaign.[5]

Declared candidates

This section includes declared candidates who have filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Libertarian Party and who meet one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) have participated (or have been invited to participate) in at least two Libertarian Party-sponsored debates or c) have received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.

Declared candidates in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
Announcement date		 Ref.

Jacob Hornberger		 January 28, 1950
(age 73)
Laredo, Texas		 Founder and President of the Future of Freedom Foundation
Independent candidate for U.S. Senate from Virginia in 2002
Candidate for President in 2000 and 2020
Virginia
Website
February 20, 2023
FEC filing[6]		 [7]
Lars Mapstead
Lars Mapstead		 August 14, 1969
(age 54)
Monterey, California		 Co-founder of Friend Finder Networks
Former owner of Penthouse
California
Website
March 23, 2021
FEC filing[8]		 [9]

Chase Oliver		 August 16, 1985
(age 38)
Nashville, Tennessee		 Nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia in 2022
Candidate for GA-05 in 2020
Chair of the Atlanta Libertarian Party (2016–2017)
Georgia
Website
April 5, 2023
FEC filing[10]		 [11]

Art Olivier		 August 24, 1957
(age 66)
Lynwood, California		 Nominee for U.S. Vice President in 2000
Nominee for Governor of California in 2006
Mayor of Bellflower, California (1998–1999)
California
Website
December 11, 2023
FEC filing[12]

Michael
Rectenwald		 January 29, 1959
(age 64)		 Author and Scholar
Former New York University professor (2008–2019)
Pennsylvania
Website
August 28, 2023
FEC filing[13]		 [7]


Joshua Smith

 March 13, 1983
(age 40)
Antioch, California		 Vice Chair of the Libertarian National Committee
(2022–2023)
Iowa
Website
July 24, 2023
FEC filing[14]		 [7]
Mike ter Maat Libertarian candidate for President of the United States
Mike ter Maat		 June 20, 1961
(age 62)
Portland, Oregon		 Economist
Former Hallandale Beach, Florida police officer
Nominee for FL-20 in 2022
Florida
Website
April 18, 2022
FEC filing[15]		 [9]

Withdrew before the primaries

Former candidates in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
announced		 Campaign
suspended		 Campaign Ref.

Joe Exotic		 March 5, 1963
(age 60)
Garden City, Kansas		 Businessman and media personality
Owner of the Greater Wynnewood Exotic Animal Park (1998–2018)
Independent candidate for president in 2016
Candidate for Governor of Oklahoma in 2018
Texas		 March 10, 2023 April 11, 2023
(running for the Democratic nomination)[16]
Website
FEC filing[17]		 [18]

Other candidates

Of the dozens of candidates who file with the FEC, very few make the effort to get on the ballot anywhere. The following have done so.
LNC delegates are not bound to votes, so while voters are able choose a candidate, it has no direct effect on the candidate selection.[19]

On the ballot in multiple states

On the ballot in one state

  • Toad Anderson (NC)[20]
  • David "TrimeTaveler" Dunlap (NC)[20]
  • Beau Lindsey (NC), "anonymous candidate"[20][23]
  • Robert Sansone (IA), Air Force veteran and government contractor from Colorado[24]

On the ballot in no states

Potential candidates

As of January 2024, there has been speculation about the potential candidacy of the following notable individuals within the previous six months.

Declined to be candidates

The following notable individuals have been the subject of speculation about their possible candidacy but have publicly denied interest in running.

Endorsements

Michael Rectenwald
State officials
Notable individuals

Timeline

Joe ExoticMichael RectenwaldArt OlivierChase Oliver
Active campaign Withdrawn candidate
Midterm elections Libertarian National Convention

Debates and forums

Schedule

Debates

While other one on one informal debates among the candidates may have taken place, the following table lists only debates featuring at least three major candidates.

Libertarian Party-sponsored debates among candidates for the 2024 Libertarian Party U.S. presidential nomination
DatePlaceHostParticipants
 P  Participant.  I  Invitee.  A  Absent.  N  Confirmed non-invitee.  O  Out of race (exploring, suspended, or not yet entered) Hornberger Mapstead Oliver Olivier Rectenwald Smith Maat
October 3, 2023[41] Stanhope, New Jersey New Jersey Libertarian Party A A[lower-alpha 2] P O P P A[lower-alpha 3]
November 11, 2023[42] North Charleston, South Carolina South Carolina Libertarian Party P P P O P P P
December 2, 2023[43] Cromwell, Connecticut Connecticut Libertarian Party P P P O P[lower-alpha 4] A[lower-alpha 5] P
January 13, 2024[44] Tucson, Arizona Arizona Libertarian Party P P P A P A[lower-alpha 6] P
January 15, 2024[45] Des Moines, Iowa Libertarian Party of Iowa A P P A[lower-alpha 7] A P P

Forums

Forums among candidates for the 2024 Libertarian Party U.S. presidential nomination
DatePlaceHostParticipants
 P  Participant.  A  Absent.  O  Out of race (exploring, suspended, or not yet entered) Hornberger Mapstead Oliver Olivier Rectenwald Smith Maat Other
February 15, 2023[46] Online Larry Sharpe O P P[lower-alpha 8] O O O P P[lower-alpha 9]
April 26, 2023[47] Online Larry Sharpe A[lower-alpha 10] P P O O O P P[lower-alpha 11]

Primary election polling

State polling

Poll source Sample size Date(s) Avouris Babicz Biondi DeLeon DeSilva Dunlap Ferry Gagnon Garcia Hornberger Lee Maat Mapstead Oliver Rodriguez Stewart Vaught Jr. Wagner
Iowa State Fair Presidential Straw Poll[49] 143 Aug 21, 2023 8% 4% 8% 2% 6% 4% 4% 3% 7% 4% 1% 3% 2% 19% 1% 6% 1% 19%

Campaign finance

According to campaign finance laws, an individual must begin filing reports once they raise or spend more than $5,000. This fundraising table includes money raised and spent as of June 30, 2023. As Smith had not officially announced his campaign as of that date, he has not reported any fundraising. Fundraising reports for the third quarter must be filed by October 15, 2023.[50]

Overview of campaign financing for candidates in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries through June 30, 2023
Candidate Total raised Total raised
since last quarter		 Individual contributions Debt Spent Spent since
last quarter		 COH
Total Unitemized Pct
Hornberger[51] $30,386 $12,870 $30,361 $1,611 5.3% $0 $13,338 $3,807 $17,048
Mapstead[52] $158,414 $151,193 $2,300 $1,800 78.3% $150,000 $94,497 $56,871 $101,543
Oliver[53] $24,164 $5,432 22.5% $0 $24,058 $106
Smith, Joshua $0 $0 $0 $0 0.0% $0 $0 $0 $0
ter Maat[54] $126,805 $6,961 $1,937 27.8% $0 $96,820 $29,985
Exotic[55][lower-alpha 12] $10,294 100.0% $0 $8,530 $1,764

Schedule

Caucuses and primaries in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries
Date Primaries/caucuses Ref
January 15 Iowa caucus [56]
March 5 Massachusetts primary [57]
March 5 North Carolina primary [58]
March 5 California primary [59]
March 5 Oklahoma primary [60]
May 14 Nebraska primary [61]
May 24–26 Convention
June 4 New Mexico primary [62]

Ballot access

Ballot access in the 2024 Libertarian presidential nominating contests
State Date Hornberger Mapstead Oliver Olivier Rectenwald Smith ter Maat Other Ref
IA Jan 15 Ballot access not required
MA Mar 5 Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No [63]
NC Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes[lower-alpha 13] [20]
CA No No No No No No No Yes[lower-alpha 14] [64]
OK Yes No Yes No No No No No [65]
NM Jun 4 No Yes No No No No No No [66]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Robert Sansone 2.3%, Vivek Ramaswamy (Not a candidate) 4.5%, Mario Perales (Not a candidate) 2.3%, None of the above 1.1%
  2. ↑ Participated in a virtual interview prior to the debate
  3. ↑ Participated in a virtual interview prior to the debate
  4. ↑ Participated virtually
  5. ↑ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
  6. ↑ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
  7. ↑ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
  8. ↑ Oliver was not officially in the race
  9. ↑ Joshua Rodriguez
  10. ↑ Invited but did not attend[48]
  11. ↑ Joshua Rodriguez
  12. ↑ Note that this table also includes fundraising data from Exotic's campaign as a Democratic presidential candidate.
  13. ↑ Toad Anderson, Charles Ballay, David "TrimeTaveler" Dunlap, Beau Lindsey
  14. ↑ Charles Ballay

References

  1. ↑ "2024 Libertarian National Convention" Archived 2023-02-24 at the Wayback Machine, LP.org.
  2. ↑ Winger, Richard (July 22, 2022) "Libertarian Party Presidential Convention in 2024 Will be in Washington, D.C." Archived 2023-02-24 at the Wayback Machine, Ballot Access News.
  3. ↑ Bunge, Mike (16 January 2024). "Libertarian Party of Iowa announces the winner of its statewide Presidential caucus". KIMT. Allen Media Broadcasting. Archived from the original on January 16, 2024. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
  4. ↑ "List of United States Presidential Candidates:Libertarian Party". FEC.gov. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  5. ↑ "2020 Primary Election Results and Map | Upcoming Presidential Primary Races". www.nbcnews.com. Archived from the original on June 3, 2023. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  6. ↑ "FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1690012". FEC.gov. Archived from the original on 2023-03-20. Retrieved 2023-07-27.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Philips, Aleks (September 9, 2023). "Libertarians Sense Golden Opportunity to Make 2024 Breakthrough". Newsweek. Archived from the original on September 9, 2023. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
  8. ↑ "Lars Mapstead for President – committee overview". FEC.gov. Archived from the original on September 9, 2021. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  9. 1 2 Sharp, John (March 23, 2023). "What's next for Libertarians? Presidential hopefuls bring platforms to Alabama". al. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
  10. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. April 7, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 16, 2023. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
  11. ↑ Barton, Tom (July 23, 2023) "Who is Chase Oliver" Meet the Libertarian candidate running for president" Archived 2023-07-23 at the Wayback Machine, The Gazette. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  12. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy". docquery.fec.gov. December 11, 2023. Archived from the original on January 18, 2024. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  13. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy". Federal Election Commission. August 28, 2023. Archived from the original on September 4, 2023. Retrieved September 4, 2023.
  14. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. July 24, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 27, 2023. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  15. ↑ "Mike ter Maat for President – committee overview". FEC.gov. Archived from the original on March 21, 2023. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
  16. ↑ "Joe Exotic switches parties for 2024 presidential run". Fox23.com Tulsa. April 12, 2023. Archived from the original on April 12, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  17. ↑ "Statement of Candidacy". docquery.fec.gov. February 1, 2023. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
  18. ↑ Teh, Cheryl (March 21, 2023). "Joe Exotic is running a long-shot 2024 campaign for president, all while serving 21 years in prison for his role in a murder-for-hire plot". BusinessInsider.com. Archived from the original on March 22, 2023. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
  19. ↑ "Libertarian Party presidential nomination, 2024". Ballotpedia. Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 "State Board Approves Presidential Primary Candidates". North Carolina State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  21. ↑ "Generally Recognized Presidential Candidates - March 5, 2024, Presidential Primary Election" (PDF). California Secretary of State. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  22. ↑ Charles Ballay's 2024 Campaign Archived 2023-10-30 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed January 5, 2024.
  23. ↑ Beau Lindsey's 2024 Campaign Archived 2024-01-05 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed January 5, 2024.
  24. ↑ Robert Sansome's 2024 Campaign Archived 2024-01-05 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed January 5, 2023.
  25. ↑ "Joseph Collins's 2024 Campaign" Archived 2023-12-31 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed January 10, 2024.
  26. ↑ "Presidential Candidate Joseph Collins Jr Endorsed by Alliance of Asian American Voters and US Global Business Forum" Archived 2024-01-11 at the Wayback Machine(October 31, 2023), KRON-TV, Accessed January 10, 2024.
  27. ↑ Keenan Dunham's 2024 Campaign Archived 2023-09-18 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed January 5, 2023
  28. ↑ Karroll, Jason. "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-01-08. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
  29. ↑ "Jason Karroll's 2024 Campaign". Archived from the original on January 4, 2024. Retrieved January 8, 2024.
  30. ↑ Kennelty, Greg (September 9, 2023). "Attila's Chris Fronzak Is Running For President Of The United States". Metal Injection. Archived from the original on September 7, 2023. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
  31. ↑ "Justin Amash States That He Will Not Seek Libertarian Party Presidential Nomination | Ballot Access News". 2023-10-06. Archived from the original on 2023-10-08. Retrieved 2023-10-10.
  32. ↑ Nehamas, Nicholas (September 23, 2023). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Flirts With the Libertarian Party". New York Times. Archived from the original on September 23, 2023. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
  33. ↑ Brennan, Chris (October 9, 2023). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. announces independent run for president during Philly visit". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on October 10, 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2023.
  34. ↑ "Vivek Ramaswamy, Libertarian candidate? In Iowa, his campaign flirts with a third-party run". The Des Moines Register. December 7, 2023. Archived from the original on January 16, 2024. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
  35. ↑ "Vivek Ramaswamy says he is not exploring Libertarian presidential bid". The Gazette (Cedar Rapids, Iowa). December 8, 2023. Archived from the original on December 9, 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
  36. ↑ Gillespie, Nick; Weissmueller, Zach (July 20, 2022). "Dave Smith: Comedian, Podcaster...Presidential Candidate?". Reason. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved August 26, 2023.
  37. ↑ Smith, Dave [@ComicDaveSmith] (August 26, 2023). "I choose not to run! AMA about the LP 2024 Presidential race" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Endorsements". Michael Rectenwald 2024. Archived from the original on November 10, 2023. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
  39. ↑ fReynolds, Nick (February 8, 2023). "Former Libertarian Presidential Candidate Torches Party". NewsWeek. Archived from the original on October 16, 2023. Retrieved October 14, 2023.
  40. ↑ Porter, Steven (October 30, 2023). "Eccentric candidates 'part of the color' of N.H. primary process - The Boston Globe". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on November 5, 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
  41. ↑ "Pumpkins & Peace". Archived from the original on 2023-11-13. Retrieved 2023-11-13 – via www.youtube.com.
  42. ↑ "2023 SCLP Presidential Debate". Archived from the original on 2023-12-11. Retrieved 2023-12-11 – via www.youtube.com.
  43. ↑ "Libertarian Party Presidential Debate". Archived from the original on 2023-12-07. Retrieved 2023-12-07 – via www.youtube.com.
  44. ↑ "2024 Arizona Libertarian Presidential Debate". Archived from the original on 2024-01-15. Retrieved 2024-01-15 – via www.youtube.com.
  45. ↑ "Pre-Caucus Libertarian Debate". Archived from the original on 2024-01-17. Retrieved 2024-01-17 – via www.youtube.com.
  46. ↑ "Libertarian Party Presidential Forum for 2024! Co-moderated by Larry Sharpe & Chrissie Mayr!". Larry Sharpe. February 15, 2023. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
  47. ↑ "2nd Libertarian Party Presidential Forum '24! Co-moderated by Larry Sharpe & Kim Iversen!". Larry Sharpe. April 26, 2023. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
  48. ↑ "Jacob Hornberger on X". Archived from the original on 2024-01-18. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
  49. ↑ "Iowa State Fair Presidential Straw Poll – August Poll". sos.iowa.gov/. Archived from the original on September 22, 2023. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
  50. ↑ "2023 Quarterly reports". FEC.gov. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  51. ↑ "Hornberger, Mr. Jacob George". Federal Election Commission. Archived from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved August 20, 2023.
  52. ↑ "Mapstead, Lars, Damian". Federal Election Commission. Archived from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved August 20, 2023.
  53. ↑ "Oliver, Chase Russell". Federal Election Commission. Archived from the original on August 20, 2023. Retrieved August 20, 2023.
  54. ↑ "Ter Maat, Michael". Federal Election Commission. Archived from the original on September 20, 2023. Retrieved August 20, 2023.
  55. ↑ "Maldonado, Joseph A." Federal Election Commission. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved August 20, 2023.
  56. ↑ Bacharier, Galen (May 1, 2023). "Iowa libertarians are an official party for the 2024 election. Can they stay that way?". The Des Moines Register. Archived from the original on 16 January 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  57. ↑ "How to Run for President in 2024". Massachusetts Secretary of State. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  58. ↑ "Upcoming Election". Massachusetts Secretary of State. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  59. ↑ "March 5, 2024, Presidential Primary Election Calendar" (PDF). California Secretary of State. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 August 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  60. ↑ "2024 Oklahoma Elections – Voter Information Calendar" (PDF). Oklahoma.gov Home. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  61. ↑ "Official 2024 Election Calendar" (PDF). Nebraska Secretary of State. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  62. ↑ "2024 Primary Candidate Information". New Mexico Secretary of State. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  63. ↑ Evans, Joshua Willow (26 December 2023). "Five Libertarians to Appear on Massachusetts Presidential Primary Ballot". Independent Political Report. Archived from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  64. ↑ "Generally Recognized Presidential Candidates - March 5, 2024, Presidential Primary Election" (PDF). California Secretary of State. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  65. ↑ Stecklein, Janelle (7 December 2023). "Who is on the presidential primary ballot in Oklahoma?". Oklahoma Voice. USA Today. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  66. ↑ Lee, Morgan (22 December 2023). "New Mexico parties certify 5 GOP candidates for June presidential primary amid challenge to Trump". ABC News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
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