See also:
U+66B4, 暴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66B4

[U+66B3]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+66B5]
U+FA06, 暴
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA06

[U+FA05]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+FA07]

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 72, +11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 日廿金水 (ATCE), four-corner 60132, composition )

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) – originally (in oracle script) the antler of a buck (at bottom), indicating a savage attack. Subsequently significantly simplified and abstracted: in seal script analyzed as + + + , while in current form rather + + (similar to unrelated ); compare bottom component to bottom right of . In the Liushutong, it is analyzed as + 鹿 + , a salivating savage deer.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
2nd round simp. 𣅃
alternative forms
 




𣉱
𣊴
𣊻


𣋏
𣋳
𣋴

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (3)
Final () (89)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter bawH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/bɑuH/
Pan
Wuyun
/bɑuH/
Shao
Rongfen
/bɑuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/bawH/
Li
Rong
/bɑuH/
Wang
Li
/bɑuH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱɑuH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
bào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
bou6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
bào
Middle
Chinese
‹ bawH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[b]ˁawk-s/
English violent

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 330
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*boːwɢs/

Definitions

  1. sudden
  2. violent; cruel; brutal; tyrannical
       bàoxíng   act of violence
  3. quick-tempered; hot-tempered
       bàozào   irritable; irascible; bad-tempered
  4. to spoil; to waste; to damage
    自棄自弃   bàozìqì   to abandon oneself to despair
  5. (literary) to abuse; to oppress; to treat cruelly

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (ぼう) ()
  • Korean: 포(暴) (po)
  • Vietnamese: bạo ()

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
2nd round simp. 𣅃

Pronunciation 1



Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (3)
Final () (3)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter buwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/buk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/buk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/buk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/bəwk̚/
Li
Rong
/buk̚/
Wang
Li
/buk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱuk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
buk6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ buwk ›
Old
Chinese
/*m-pˁawk/
English expose to sun

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 343
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*boːɡ/
Definitions

  1. Alternative form of (to sun; to air in the sun)
Compounds

Pronunciation 2


Note: bou6 - in 暴露.
Note: pō - in 暴露.

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (3)
Final () (3)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter buwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/buk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/buk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/buk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/bəwk̚/
Li
Rong
/buk̚/
Wang
Li
/buk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱuk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
buk6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ buwk ›
Old
Chinese
/*m-pˁawk/
English expose to sun

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 343
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*boːɡ/
Definitions

  1. to show; to expose
Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.
2nd round simp. 𣅃

Pronunciation 1


Definitions

  1. to stick out; to bulge
Compounds

Pronunciation 2


Definitions

  1. Used in 暴樂暴乐 (bóluò).

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.
2nd round simp. 𣅃
alternative forms

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

  1. (Hokkien) to sprout; to send forth (leaves, buds, beard, bubbles, etc.)
Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

  1. (Hokkien) to emerge; to pop up; to spring forth
Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. violent; brutal; fierce

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
ぼう
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC bawH, “violent”).

Pronunciation

Adjective

(ぼう) • () -na (adnominal (ぼう) (bō na), adverbial (ぼう) (bō ni))

  1. violent

Inflection

Noun

(ぼう) • () 

  1. violentness

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese (MC buwk, “to expose to the sun”).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource (eumhun 나타날 (natanal pok))
(eumhun 드러날 (deureonal pok))

  1. (only in compounds) Hanja form? of (to show; to appear; to manifest).

Compounds

Etymology 2

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading influenced by Middle Chinese (MC buwk). The original reading is (po) based on Middle Chinese (MC bawH, “violent”).

Pronunciation

Hanja

(eumhun 사나울 (sanaul pok))

  1. (only in compounds) Hanja form? of (fierce; violent; brutal).

Compounds

Etymology 3

From Middle Chinese (MC bawH, “violent”).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pʰo̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

(eumhun 사나울 (sanaul po))

  1. Hanja form? of (fierce; violent; brutal).

Compounds

Etymology 4

From Middle Chinese .

Historical readings

Hanja

(eumhun 앙상할 (angsanghal bak))

  1. (literary Chinese) Hanja form? of (sparse; bare; thin; skinny).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: bạo ((bạc)(báo)(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], bộc ((bộ)(mộc)(thiết))[3][5]
: Nôm readings: bạo[1][2][3][4][6], bão[1][2][7], bộc[7][5], bậu[1], bẹo[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of bạo (ferocious; cruel; violent).

Compounds

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
  6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. Hồ (1976).
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