Close front unrounded vowel

The close front unrounded vowel(also called high front unrounded vowel), is a type of vowel. It is an i in the International Phonetic Alphabet. It sounds like the English word meet. It is also called a long-e in American English.[1] In English this sound has more length then it should and is not usually pronounced as a pure vowel(it is a diphthong).[2] A pure [i] sound can be heard in languages such as French with words like chic.

Close front unrounded vowel
{{Bold text{ipa symbol|}}}
IPA number301
Encoding
Entity (decimal)i
Unicode (hex)U+0069
X-SAMPAi
Kirshenbaumi
Sound
 

In languages
Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Afrikaans[3] dief [dif] 'thief' See Afrikaans phonology
Arabic Standard[4] دين/diin [d̪iːn] 'religion' See Arabic phonology
Catalan[5] sic [ˈsik] 'sic' See Catalan phonology
Chinese Mandarin[6][7] 七 / qī audio speaker icon[tɕʰi˥] 'seven' See Standard Chinese phonology
Chuvash çип [ɕ̬ip] 'thread'
Czech[8][9] bílý audio speaker icon[ˈbiːliː] 'white' See Czech phonology
Dutch[10][11] biet audio speaker icon[bit] 'beet' See Dutch phonology
English[12] All dialects free audio speaker icon[fɹiː] 'free' In certain dialects, it can be pronunced as a diphthong. See English phonology
Australian[13] bit [bit] 'bit' Also described as near-close front [ɪ̟].[14] See Australian English phonology
French[15][16] fini [fini] 'finished' See French phonology
German[17][18] Ziel audio speaker icon[t͡siːl] 'goal' See Standard German phonology
Greek Modern Standard[19][20] κήπος / kípos [ˈc̠ipo̞s̠] 'garden' See Modern Greek phonology
Hungarian[21] ív [iːv] 'arch' See Hungarian phonology
Italian[22] bile [ˈbiːle̞] 'rage' See Italian phonology
Japanese[23] 銀/gin audio speaker icon[ɡʲiɴ] 'silver' See Japanese phonology
Khmer លទ្ធិ / lôtthĭ [lattʰiʔ] 'doctrine' See Khmer phonology
Korean[24] 아이 / ai [ɐi] 'child' See Korean phonology
Kurdish[25][26] Kurmanji (Northern) şîr [ʃiːɾ] 'milk' See Kurdish phonology
Sorani (Central) شیر/šîr
Palewani (Southern)
Lithuanian vyras [viːrɐs̪] 'man' See Lithuanian orthography
Malay Malaysian Malay ikut [i.kʊt] 'to follow' See Malay phonology
Polish[27] miś audio speaker icon[ˈmʲiɕ] 'teddy bear' See Polish phonology
Portuguese[28] fino audio speaker icon[ˈfinu]  'thin' Also occurs as an unstressed allophone of other vowels. May be represented by ⟨y⟩. See Portuguese phonology
Romanian[29] insulă [ˈin̪s̪ulə] 'island' See Romanian phonology
Rungus[30] rikot [ˈri.kot] 'to come'
Russian[31] лист/list audio speaker icon[lʲis̪t̪] 'leaf' Will only be used after palatalized consonants. See Russian phonology
Serbo-Croatian[32] vile [ʋîle̞] 'hayfork' See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Spanish[33] tipo [ˈt̪ipo̞] 'type' Can be written by ⟨y⟩. See Spanish phonology
Sotho[34] ho bitsa [huˌbit͡sʼɑ̈] 'to call' Contrasts close, near-close and close-mid front unrounded vowels.[34] See Sotho phonology
Swedish Central Standard[35][36] bli [bliː] 'to stay' See Swedish phonology
Thai[37] กริช/krit [krìt] 'dagger'
Turkish[38][39] ip [ip] 'rope' See Turkish phonology
Ukrainian[40] місто/misto ['misto] 'city, town' See Ukrainian phonology
Welsh es i [eːs iː] 'I went' See Welsh phonology
Yoruba[41] síbí [síbí] 'spoon'

Notes
  1. Maddox, Maeve. "DailyWritingTips: The Six Spellings of "Long E"". www.dailywritingtips.com. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
  2. Labov, William; Sharon, Ash; Boberg, Charles (2006). The Atlas of North American English. Berlin: Mouton-de Gruyter. chpt. 17. ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7.
  3. Donaldson (1993), p. 2.
  4. Thelwall (1990), p. 38.
  5. Carbonell & Llisterri (1992), p. 54.
  6. Lee & Zee (2003), p. 110.
  7. Duanmu (2007), pp. 35–36.
  8. Dankovičová (1999), p. 72.
  9. Šimáčková, Podlipský & Chládková (2012), p. 228.
  10. Gussenhoven (1992), p. 47.
  11. Verhoeven (2005), p. 245.
  12. Roach (2004), p. 240.
  13. Cox & Palethorpe (2007), p. 344.
  14. Cox & Fletcher (2017), p. 65.
  15. Fougeron & Smith (1993), p. 73.
  16. Collins & Mees (2013), p. 225.
  17. Hall (2003), pp. 78, 107.
  18. Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), p. 34.
  19. Arvaniti (2007), p. 28.
  20. Trudgill (2009), p. 81.
  21. Szende (1994), p. 92.
  22. Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004), p. 119.
  23. Okada (1999), p. 117.
  24. Lee (1999), p. 121.
  25. Thackston (2006a), p. 1.
  26. Khan & Lescot (1970), pp. 8–16.
  27. Jassem (2003), p. 105.
  28. Cruz-Ferreira (1995), p. 92.
  29. Sarlin (2014), p. 18.
  30. Forschner, T. A. (December 1994). Outline of A Momogun Grammar (Rungus Dialect) (PDF). Kudat. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 September 2020. {{cite book}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 15 February 2020 suggested (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  31. Jones & Ward (1969), p. 30.
  32. Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.
  33. Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 256.
  34. Doke & Mofokeng (1974), p. ?.
  35. Engstrand (1999), p. 140.
  36. Riad (2014), p. 21.
  37. Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993), p. 24.
  38. Zimmer & Organ (1999), p. 155.
  39. Göksel & Kerslake (2005), p. 10.
  40. Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 4.
  41. Bamgboṣe (1969), p. 166.

References
  • Arvaniti, Amalia (2007), "Greek Phonetics: The State of the Art" (PDF), Journal of Greek Linguistics, 8: 97–208, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.692.1365, doi:10.1075/jgl.8.08arv, archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-11
  • Bamgboṣe, Ayọ (1966), A Grammar of Yoruba, [West African Languages Survey / Institute of African Studies], Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2013) [First published 2003], Practical Phonetics and Phonology: A Resource Book for Students (3rd ed.), Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-50650-2
  • Cox, Felicity; Fletcher, Janet (2017) [First published 2012], Australian English Pronunciation and Transcription (2nd ed.), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-316-63926-9
  • Cox, Felicity; Palethorpe, Sallyanne (2007), "Australian English" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (3): 341–350, doi:10.1017/S0025100307003192
  • Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223, ISSN 0025-1003, S2CID 249414876
  • Dankovičová, Jana (1999), "Czech", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 70–74, ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0
  • Danyenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii (1995), Ukrainian, Lincom Europa, ISBN 9783929075083
  • Doke, Clement Martyn; Mofokeng, S. Machabe (1974), Textbook of Southern Sotho Grammar (3rd ed.), Cape Town: Longman Southern Africa, ISBN 978-0-582-61700-1
  • Donaldson, Bruce C. (1993), "1. Pronunciation", A Grammar of Afrikaans, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 1–35, ISBN 9783110134261
  • Duanmu, San (2007) [First published 2000], The Phonology of Standard Chinese (2nd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-921578-2
  • Dudenredaktion; Kleiner, Stefan; Knöbl, Ralf (2015) [First published 1962], Das Aussprachewörterbuch (in German) (7th ed.), Berlin: Dudenverlag, ISBN 978-3-411-04067-4
  • Engstrand, Olle (1999), "Swedish", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 140–142, ISBN 978-0-521-63751-0
  • Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, ISSN 0025-1003, S2CID 249404451
  • Göksel, Asli; Kerslake, Celia (2005), Turkish: a comprehensive grammar, Routledge, ISBN 978-0415114943
  • Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X, ISSN 0025-1003, S2CID 243772965
  • Hall, Christopher (2003) [First published 1992], Modern German pronunciation: An introduction for speakers of English (2nd ed.), Manchester: Manchester University Press, ISBN 978-0-7190-6689-4
  • Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191, ISSN 0025-1003
  • Jones, Daniel; Ward, Dennis (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press
  • Landau, Ernestina; Lončarića, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0
  • Lee, Wai-Sum; Zee, Eric (2003), "Standard Chinese (Beijing)", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 109–112, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001208
  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373, ISSN 0025-1003
  • Okada, Hideo (1999), "Japanese", in International Phonetic Association (ed.), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, ISBN 978-0-52163751-0
  • Riad, Tomas (2014), The Phonology of Swedish, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-954357-1
  • Roach, Peter (2004), "British English: Received Pronunciation", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 239–245, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001768, ISSN 0025-1003
  • Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628, ISSN 0025-1003
  • Sarlin, Mika (2014) [First published 2013], "Sounds of Romanian and their spelling", Romanian Grammar (2nd ed.), Helsinki: Books on Demand GmbH, pp. 16–37, ISBN 978-952-286-898-5
  • Szende, Tamás (1994), "Illustrations of the IPA:Hungarian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 24 (2): 91–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005090, ISSN 0025-1003, S2CID 242632087
  • Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 20 (2): 37–41, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266, ISSN 0025-1003, S2CID 243640727
  • Tingsabadh, M.R. Kalaya; Abramson, Arthur S. (1993), "Thai", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (1): 24–26, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004746, ISSN 0025-1003, S2CID 242001518
  • Trudgill, Peter (2009), "Greek Dialect Vowel Systems, Vowel Dispersion Theory, and Sociolinguistic Typology", Journal of Greek Linguistics, 9 (1): 80–97, doi:10.1163/156658409X12500896406041
  • Verhoeven, Jo (2005), "Belgian Standard Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 35 (2): 243–247, doi:10.1017/S0025100305002173
  • Zimmer, Karl; Orgun, Orhan (1999), "Turkish" (PDF), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 154–158, ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0, archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-25, retrieved 2022-02-22
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.