Voiced velar nasal

The voiced velar nasal is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ŋ⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨N⟩. The English language has this sound. It is the sound represented by ng in walking and angst.

Velar nasal
ŋ
IPA number119
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ŋ
Unicode (hex)U+014B
X-SAMPAN
KirshenbaumN
Sound
 

Features
  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. This means that this sound is produced by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
  • The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
  • The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is velar. This means that this sound is produced with the back of the tongue at the soft palate.
  • It is a nasal consonant. This means that air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.

Examples
LanguageWordIPAMeaning
Albanianngaqë[ŋɡacə]'because'
Aleut[1]chaang[tʃɑːŋ]'five'
ArabicHejazi
 مــنــقل/mingal [mɪŋɡal] 'brazier'
ArmenianEastern[2]ընկեր/ënker[əŋˈkɛɾ]'friend'
Assameseৰং/ŗông[ɹɔŋ]'color'
BambaraŋonI[ŋoni]'guitar'
Bashkirмең / meñaudio speaker icon[mɪ̞ŋ] 'one thousand'
Basquehanka[haŋka]'leg'
Bengaliরঙ/rông[rɔŋ]'color'
Bulgarian[3]тънко/tănko[ˈtɤŋko]'thin'
Catalan[4]sang[ˈsɑ̃ŋ(k)]'blood'
Chamorrongånga'[ŋɑŋaʔ]'duck'
ChineseCantonese昂/ngong4[ŋɔːŋ˩]'raise'
Eastern Min疑/ngi[ŋi]'suspect'
Gan牙/nga[ŋa]'tooth'
Hakka我/ngai[ŋai]'I'
Mandarin北京/beijing[peɪ˨˩tɕiŋ˥]'Beijing'
Northern Min外/ngui[ŋui]'outside'
Southern Min黃/ng[ŋ̍]'yellow'
Sichuanese我/ngo[ŋɔ]'I'
Wu五/ng[ŋ˩˧]'five'
Xiang熬/ngau[ŋau]'to boil'
Yuci dialect of Jin我/ngie[ŋie]'I'
Chukchiңыроқ/ṇyroq[ŋəɹoq]'three'
Czechtank[taŋk]'tank'
Dinkaŋa[ŋa]'who'
Danishsang[sɑŋˀ]'song'
Dutch[5]angst[ɑŋst]'fear'
Englishsing[sɪŋ] 'sing'
Faroeseong[ɔŋk]'meadow'
Fijiangone[ˈŋone]'child'
Filipinongayón[ŋaˈjon]'now'
Finnishkangas[ˈkɑŋːɑs]'cloth'
French[6]Standardcamping[kɑ̃piŋ(ɡ)]'camping'
Southern Francepain[pɛŋ]'bread'
Galicianunha[ˈuŋa]'one' (f.)
Germanlang[laŋ]'long'
Greekάγχος / anchos['aŋxo̞s]'Stress'
HebrewStandardאנגלית/anglit[aŋɡˈlit]'English language'
Sephardiעין/nayin[ŋaˈjin]'Ayin'
Hiligaynonbuang[bu'äŋ]'crazy/mentally unstable'
Hindustani Hindi रंग/रङ्ग/raṅg [rəŋg] 'color'
Urdu رن٘گ/raṅg
Fiji Hindustani Rang
Hungarianing[iŋɡ]'shirt'
Icelandicgöng[ˈkœy̯ŋk]'tunnel'
Inuktitutᐴᙳᐆᖅ / puunnguuq[puːŋŋuːq]'dog'
Inuvialuktunqamnguiyuaq[qamŋuijuaq]'snores'
Irisha nglór[ˌə̃ ˈŋl̪ˠoːɾˠ]'their voice'
Italian[7]anche[ˈaŋke]'also'
Itelmenқниң[qniŋ]'one'
JapaneseStandard南極 / nankyoku[naŋkʲokɯ]'the South Pole'
Eastern dialects[8]鍵 / kagi[kaŋi]'key'
Javaneseꦱꦺꦔꦏ꧀/Sengak[səŋŋak]stink
Kagayanen[9]manang[manaŋ]'older sister'
Kazakhмың / myń[məŋ]'thousand'
Kyrgyzмиң/miñ[miŋ]
Ketаяң/ajaņ[ajaŋ]'to damn'
Khasingap[ŋap]'honey'
Khmerងាយ / ngéay[ŋiəj]'easy'
Korean성에 / seonge[sʌŋe]'window frost'
Kurdish Northern ceng [dʒɛŋ] 'war'
Central جه‌نگ/ceng
Southern
Luxembourgish[10]keng[kʰæŋ]'nobody'
Macedonianaнглиски/angliski[ˈaŋɡliski]'English'
Lugandaŋaaŋa[ŋɑːŋɑ]'hornbill'
Malay Malaysian and Indonesianbangun[bäŋon]'wake up'
Kelantan-Pattani sini [si.niŋ] 'here'
Terengganu ayam [a.jaŋ] 'chicken'
Malayalam[1]മാങ്ങ/mān̄n̄a[maːŋŋɐ]'mango'
Māori[11]ngā[ŋaː]'the'
Marathiरंग/ranga[rəŋə]'colour'
Mariеҥ/eng[jeŋ]'human'
Mongolianтэнгэр / teŋger[teŋger]'sky'
Nepaliनङ/nang [nʌŋ] 'nail'
Nganasanӈаӈ/ngang[ŋaŋ]'mouth'
Nivkhңамг/ngamg[ŋamɡ]'seven'
North FrisianMooringkåchelng[ˈkɔxəlŋ]'stove'
Norwegiangang[ɡɑŋ]'hallway'
Odiaଏବଂ/ebang[ebɔŋ]'and'
Panjabi Gurmukhi ਰੰਗ/rang [rəŋ] 'color'
Shahmukhi رنگ/rang
Persian[ræːŋ]
Pipilnemanha[nemaŋa]'later'
Polish[12]bank[bäŋk]'bank'
Portuguesemanga[ˈmɐ̃(ŋ)ɡɐ]'mango'
OccitanProvençalvin[viŋ]'wine'
Rapanuihanga[haŋa]'bay'
RomanianȚara Moților Transylvanian[13]câine['kɨŋi]'dog'
Sāmoangagana[ŋaˈŋana]'language'
Serbo-Croatian[14]станка / stanka[stâːŋka]'pause'
Sericomcáac[koŋˈkaak]'Seri people'
Shonananga[ŋaŋɡa]'witch doctor'
Slovenetank[taŋk]'tank'
Spanish[15]All dialectsdomingo[d̪o̞ˈmĩŋɡo̞]'Sunday'
Galician Spanish, Andalusian, Canarian, and most Latin American dialectsalquitrán[alkitˈɾaŋ]'tar'
Swahiling'ombe[ŋombɛ]'cow'
Swedishingenting[ɪŋɛnˈtʰɪŋ]'nothing'
Tamilஇங்கே/in̄gē[iŋgeː]'here'
Thaiงาน/ngaan[ŋaːn]'work'
Tongantangata[taŋata]'man'
Tuamotuanrangi / ragi[raŋi]'sky'
Tundra Nenetsӈэва/ŋəwa[ŋæewa]'head'
Turkmenmüň[myŋ]'thousand'
Tyapnɡɡwon[ŋɡʷən]'child'
Uzbekming[miŋ]'thousand'
Venetianman[maŋ]'hand'
Vietnamese[16]ngà[ŋaː˨˩]'ivory'
Welshrhwng[r̥ʊŋ]'between'
West Frisiankening[ˈkeːnɪŋ]'king'
Xhosaing’ang’ane[iŋaŋaːne]'hadada ibis'
Yiꉢ/nga[ŋa˧]'I'
Yup'ikungungssiq[uŋuŋssiq]'animal'
ZapotecTilquiapan[17]yan[jaŋ]'neck'

Notes
  1. Ladefoged (2005), p. 165.
  2. Dum-Tragut (2009), p. 19.
  3. Sabev, Mitko. "Bulgarian Sound System". Archived from the original on 11 July 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
  4. Carbonell & Llisterri (1992), p. 53.
  5. Gussenhoven (1992), p. 45.
  6. Wells (1989), p. 44.
  7. Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004), p. 118.
  8. Okada (1999), p. 118.
  9. Olson et al. (2010), pp. 206–207.
  10. Gilles & Trouvain (2013), pp. 67–68.
  11. Reed (2001).
  12. Jassem (2003), p. 103.
  13. Pop (1938), p. 31.
  14. Landau et al. (1999), p. 67
  15. Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 258.
  16. Thompson (1959), pp. 458–461.
  17. Merrill (2008), p. 109.

References
  • Anderson, Gregory D. S. (2008), "The Velar Nasal", in Haspelmath, Martin; Dryer, Matthew S; Gil, David; et al. (eds.), The World Atlas of Language Structures Online, Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, retrieved 2008-04-30
  • Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618, S2CID 249411809
  • Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
  • Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), "Luxembourgish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 67–74, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278
  • Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X, S2CID 243772965
  • Gussmann, Edmund (1974), Fisiak, Jacek (ed.), "Nasality in Polish and English" (PDF), Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics, 2, Poznań: Adam Mickiewicz University: 105–122
  • Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
  • Jones, Daniel; Ward, Dennis (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521153003
  • Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants: An Introduction to the Sounds of Languages, vol. 1, Wiley-Blackwell
  • Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 0-521-65236-7
  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
  • Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344
  • Okada, Hideo (1999), "Japanese", in International Phonetic Association (ed.), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, ISBN 978-0-52163751-0
  • Olson, Kenneth; Mielke, Jeff; Sanicas-Daguman, Josephine; Pebley, Carol Jean; Paterson, Hugh J., III (2010), "The phonetic status of the (inter)dental approximant" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (2): 199–215, doi:10.1017/S0025100309990296, S2CID 38504322{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Ostaszewska, Danuta; Tambor, Jolanta (2000), Fonetyka i fonologia współczesnego języka polskiego, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, ISBN 83-01-12992-1
  • Pop, Sever (1938), Micul Atlas Linguistic Român, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj
  • Reed, A.W. (2001), Kāretu, Tīmoti (ed.), The Reed Concise Māori Dictionary
  • Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
  • Wells, J.C. (1989), "Computer-Coded Phonemic Notation of Individual Languages of the European Community", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 19 (1): 31–54, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005892, S2CID 145148170
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