Central vowel
A central vowel, also known before as a mixed vowel, is any in a class of vowel sounds used in some spoken languages. The biggest thing of a central vowel is that the tongue is put halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel. (Using this, unrounded central vowels are usually further forward and rounded central vowels are further back.)
| Central vowel | |
|---|---|
| {{Bold text{ipa symbol|}}} | |
| IPA number | 415 |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | ̈ |
| Unicode (hex) | U+0308 |
| IPA: Vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Vowels beside dots are: unrounded • rounded |
List
The central vowels that have their own symbols[1] in the International Phonetic Alphabet are:
- close central unrounded vowel [ɨ]
- close central protruded vowel [ʉ]
- close-mid central unrounded vowel [ɘ] (older releases may use ⟨ë⟩)
- close-mid central rounded vowel [ɵ] (older releases may use ⟨ö⟩)
- mid central vowel with double-meaning rounding [ə]
- open-mid central unrounded vowel [ɜ] (older releases may use ⟨ɛ̈⟩)
- open-mid central rounded vowel [ɞ] (older releases may use ⟨ɔ̈⟩)
- near-open central vowel with double-meaning rounding [ɐ] (typically used for an unrounded vowel; if precision is wanted, ⟨ɜ̞⟩ may be used for an unrounded vowel and ⟨ɞ̞⟩ for a rounded vowel)
There also are central vowels that do not have their own symbols in the IPA:
- close central compressed vowel [ÿ]
- near-close central unrounded vowel [ɨ̞], [ɪ̈], [ɪ̠] or [ɘ̝] (unofficial symbol: ⟨ᵻ⟩)
- near-close central protruded vowel [ʉ̞], [ʊ̈], [ʊ̟] or [ɵ̝] (unofficial symbol: ⟨ᵿ⟩)
- near-close central compressed vowel [ʏ̈]
- mid central unrounded vowel [ɘ̞] or [ɜ̝] (usually written ⟨ə⟩)
- mid central protruded vowel [ɵ̞] or [ɞ̝] (usually written ⟨ɵ⟩ as if it were close-mid)
- mid central compressed vowel [əᵝ]
- open central unrounded vowel [ä] (usually written ⟨a⟩ as if it were front)
- open central rounded vowel [ɒ̈]
Related pages
- Front vowel
- Back vowel
- List of phonetics topics
- Relative articulation
Books
- International Phonetic Association (2021). Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: a guide to the use of the international phonetic alphabet (22. printing ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0.
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