Voiced bilabial plosive
The voiced bilabial stop is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨b⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨b⟩. The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by "b" in bear and about.
| Voiced bilabial plosive | |
|---|---|
| b | |
| IPA number | 102 |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | b |
| Unicode (hex) | U+0062 |
| X-SAMPA | b |
| Kirshenbaum | b |
| Sound | |
Features
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. This means that this sound is produced by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
- The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
- The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is bilabial. This means that this sound is produced with both lips.
- The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is stop, or plosive. This means that this sound is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. (The term plosive contrasts with nasal stops, where the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.)
Examples
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | бгъу/bġ° |  [bʁʷə] | 'nine' | |
| Arabic | Standard[1] | باب/baab/bāb | [baːb] | 'door' |
| Assyrian | ܒܒܐ baba | [baːba] | 'father' | |
| Armenian | Eastern[2] | բարի/bari | [bɑˈɾi] | 'kind' |
| Basque | bero | [beɾo] | 'hot' | |
| Bengali | বলো/balo | [bɔlo] | 'say!' | |
| Catalan[3] | bell | [ˈbeʎ] | 'beautiful' | |
| Chinese | Southern Min | 閩/ ban | [ban] | 'Fujian province' |
| Wu | 皮/ bi | [bi] | 'skin' | |
| Xiang | 浮/ baw | [bau] | 'to float' | |
| Czech | bota | [ˈbota] | 'boot' | |
| Dutch[4] | boer | [buːr] | 'farmer' | |
| English | aback | en-us-aback.ogg | 'aback' | |
| Esperanto | batalo | [baˈtalo] | 'war' | |
| Filipino | buto | [buto] | 'bone' | |
| French[5] | boue | [bu] | 'mud' | |
| Georgian[6] | ბავშვი/ bavšvi | [ˈbavʃvi] | 'child' | |
| German | aber | [ˈäːbɐ] | 'but' | |
| Greek | μπόχα / bócha | [ˈbo̞xa] | 'reek' | |
| Gujarati | બક્રી/bakri | [bəkri] | 'goat' | |
| Hebrew | בית/báyit | [bajit] | 'house' | |
| Hindustani | Hindi | बाल / bāl | [bäːl] | 'hair' |
| Urdu | بال / bāl | |||
| Italian[7] | bile | [ˈbile] | 'rage' | |
| Japanese[8] | 番 / ban | [baɴ] | '(one's) turn' | |
| Kabardian | бгъуы/bg"uy | [bʁʷə] | 'nine' | |
| Korean | 지붕 / jibung | [t͡ɕibuŋ] | 'roof' | |
| Kurdish | Northern | bav | [bɑːv] | 'father' |
| Central | باوک/bâwk | [bɑːwk] | ||
| Southern | باوگ/bâwig | [bɑːwɨg] | ||
| Luxembourgish[9] | geblosen | [ɡ̊əˈbloːzən] | 'blown' | |
| Macedonian | убав/ubav | [ˈubav] | 'beautiful' | |
| Malay | baru | [bäru] | 'new' | |
| Maltese | għatba | [aːtˈba] | 'threshold' | |
| Marathi | बटाटा / baṭāṭā | [bəˈʈaːʈaː] | 'potato' | |
| Nepali | बाटो / bāṭo | [bäʈo] | 'path' | |
| Norwegian | bål | [ˈbɔːl] | 'bonfire' | |
| Odia | ବାର/barô | [bärɔ] | 'twelve' | |
| Persian | خوب/ xub | [xub] | 'good' | |
| Pirahã | pibaóí | [ˈpìbàóí̯] | 'parent' | |
| Polish[10] | bas | [bäs] | 'bass' | |
| Portuguese[11] | bato | [ˈbatu] | 'I strike' | |
| Punjabi | ਬਿੱਲੀ/billī | [bɪlːi] | 'cat' | |
| Romanian[12] | bou | [bow] | 'bull' | |
| Russian[13] | рыба/ryba | [ˈrɨbə] | 'fish' | |
| Serbo-Croatian[14] | биће / biće | [bǐːt͡ɕě] | 'creature' | |
| Slovak | byť | [bi̞tɕ] | 'to be' | |
| Spanish[15] | invertir | [ĩmbe̞ɾˈt̪iɾ] | 'to invest' | |
| Swedish | bra | [ˈbɾɑː] | 'good' | |
| Thai | บำบัด/bam-bàt | [bam.bat̚] | 'therapy' | |
| Turkish | bulut | [ˈbuɫut̪] | 'cloud' | |
| Tyap | bai | [bai] | 'to come' | |
| Ukrainian[16] | брат / brat | [brɑt̪] | 'brother' | |
| Welsh | mab | [mɑːb] | 'son' | |
| West Frisian | bak | [bak] | 'tray' | |
| Yi | ꁧ / bbo | [bo˧] | 'mountain' | |
| Zapotec | Tilquiapan[17] | bald | [bald] | 'few' |
Notes
- Thelwall (1990:37)
- Dum-Tragut (2009:13)
- Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
- Gussenhoven (1992:45)
- Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
- Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
- Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
- Okada (1999:117)
- Gilles & Trouvain (2013), pp. 67–68.
- Jassem (2003:103)
- Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
- DEX Online :
- Padgett (2003:42)
- Landau et al. (1999), p. 66.
- Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:255)
- Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 4.
- Merrill (2008:108)
References
- Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618, S2CID 249411809
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223, S2CID 249414876
- Danyenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii (1995), Ukrainian, Lincom Europa, ISBN 9783929075083
- Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
- Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), "Luxembourgish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 67–74, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278
- Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X, S2CID 243772965
- Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
- Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344
- Okada, Hideo (1999), "Japanese", in International Phonetic Association (ed.), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, ISBN 978-0-52163751-0
- Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 21 (1): 39–87, doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505, S2CID 13470826
- Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
- Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659
- Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 20 (2): 37–41, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266, S2CID 243640727
- Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0
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