油

See also: 㳌, 沺, 𣳑, and 由
油 U+6CB9, 油
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CB9
← 沸
[U+6CB8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 沺 →
[U+6CBA]

Translingual
Stroke order
8 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
8 strokes

Han character

油 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水中田 (ELW), four-corner 35160, composition ⿰氵由)

Derived characters
  • 𠶢, 𣓐, 𰃑, 𭳂, 𫈜, 𩭶

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 614, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17253
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1007, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1585, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6CB9

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 油

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 油
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (由) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
袖 *ljɯwɢs
岫 *ljɯwɢs
牰 *ljɯwɢs, *lɯwɢs
抽 *l̥ʰɯw
妯 *l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ
紬 *l'ɯw
怞 *l'ɯw
鮋 *l'ɯw, *ɦljɯw, *lɯw
菗 *rlɯw
宙 *l'ɯwɢs
胄 *l'ɯwɢs
冑 *l'ɯwɢs
伷 *l'ɯwɢs
駎 *l'ɯwɢs
油 *lɯw, *lɯwɢs
由 *lɯw
蚰 *lɯw
秞 *lɯw
邮 *lɯw
釉 *lɯwɢs
柚 *lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ
鼬 *lɯwɢs
苖 *l'ɯːwɢ, *l̥ʰɯwɢ
笛 *l'ɯːwɢ
迪 *l'ɯːwɢ
頔 *l'ɯːwɢ
軸 *l'ɯwɢ
舳 *l'ɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯw, *lɯwɢs) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 油
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 以周切
Baxter yuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /jɨu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /jiu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /iəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /juw/
Li
Rong		 /iu/
Wang
Li		 /jĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yóu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jau4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 油
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yóu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ yuw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[l][u]/
English flow(ing)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 油
Reading # 1/2
No. 15525
Phonetic
component		 由
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 猷
Old
Chinese		 /*lɯw/
Notes 象柚實，爲柚初文；柚爲條，由枿亦稱木生條，
同音相借

Definitions

油

  1. name of an ancient river
  2. oil: fat, grease, lard, etc.
    麻油  ―  máyóu  ―  sesame oil
    豬油／猪油  ―  zhūyóu  ―  lard
    機油／机油  ―  jīyóu  ―  engine oil
    炒菜要落油。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    caau2 coi3 jiu3 lok6 jau4. [Jyutping]
    You need to add oil when you stir-fry vegetables.
  3. petroleum; fuel
    石油  ―  shíyóu  ―  petroleum; oil
    漏油 [Cantonese]  ―  lau6 jau4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to leak fuel
    加油  ―  jiāyóu  ―  to refuel
    油站 [Cantonese]  ―  jau4 zaam6 [Jyutping]  ―  petrol station; gas station
  4. to paint
    油屋 [Cantonese]  ―  jau4 uk1 [Jyutping]  ―  to paint the house
  5. (Cantonese) Short for 油漆 (“paint”).
    啲油未乾呀。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    啲油未干呀。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    di1 jau4-2 mei6 gon1 aa3. [Jyutping]
    The paint hasn't dried yet.
    油油 [Cantonese]  ―  jau4 jau4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to apply paint
  6. (Cantonese) to colour (with crayons, coloured pencils, oil pastel, etc.)
    老師將弟弟油嗰幅畫貼堂。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    老师将弟弟油嗰幅画贴堂。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    lou5 si1 zoeng1 dai6-4 dai6-2 jau4 go2 fuk1 waa2 tip3 tong4. [Jyutping]
    The teacher posted the picture that my brother coloured on the board.
  7. (Cantonese) Short for 油門／油门 (yóumén, “accelerator; gas pedal; throttle”).
    踩油 [Cantonese]  ―  caai2 jau4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to hit the gas; to accelerate
  8. (Cantonese) oily
  9. to be grease-stained
  10. sly; glib
  11. vigorous, abundant
  12. shiny
  13. sweet-tempered, acquiescent
  14. flippant and insincere
  15. dark
  16. (chiefly Taiwan, originally ACG, slang) resembling a weeb; obsessive towards ACG
  17. a surname

Compounds

Descendants
  • → Vietnamese: dầu (𪽠)

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 油
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 余救切
Baxter yuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /jɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /jiuH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /iəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /juwH/
Li
Rong		 /iuH/
Wang
Li		 /jĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jau6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 油
Reading # 2/2
No. 15534
Phonetic
component		 由
Rime
group		 奧
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 狖
Old
Chinese		 /*lɯwɢs/

Definitions

油

  1. † Alternative form of 釉 (yòu, “to glaze”)
  2. Used in 浩油.

References

Japanese

Kanji
油

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
油
あぶら
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 油 – see the following entry.
【あぶら】
[noun] 油, 膏: oil
Alternative spelling
膏
(This term, 油, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

油 (eumhun 기름 유 (gireum yu))

  1. Hanja form? of 유 (“oil”).

Kunigami

Kanji

油

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 油 (abura).

Noun

油(あんだー) (andā) 

  1. oil

Miyako

Kanji

油

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 油 (abura).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /avva/, /aʋva/, /aʋʋa/

Noun

油 (hiragana あっゔぁ, romaji avva)

  1. oil

Okinawan

Kanji
油

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
油
あんだ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Cognate with Japanese 油 (abura).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ʔan̩da]

Noun

油(あんだ) (anda) 

  1. oil

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 油(あんだ)虫(むさー) (andamusā, “slug”)
  • 油(あんだ)人(ちゅー) (andachū, “green grass lizard (Takydromus smaragdinus)”)
  • 油揚(あんだ)ぎー (andagī, “andagi”)

References
  • “あんだ【油】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Vietnamese

Han character

油: Hán Việt readings: du[1][2][3][4][5][6]
油: Nôm readings: dầu[1][2][3], dàu[1][2][3], dàu[1][2][3], rầu[1][2][3], ru[1][2], dù[2][3], râu[1], trầu[3], dư, dẫu

  1. chữ Hán form of du (“oil”).
  2. Nôm form of dầu (“oil”).

Compounds
  • 油𫗒 (dầu ăn)

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Trần (1999).
  5. Nguyễn (1974).
  6. Thiều Chửu (1942).
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