勸

See also: 勧 and 劝

勸	U+52F8, 勸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52F8

← 勷
[U+52F7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

勹 →
[U+52F9]

Translingual

Traditional	勸
Shinjitai	勧
Simplified	劝

Han character

勸 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+17, 19 strokes, cangjie input 廿土大尸 (TGKS), four-corner 4422₇, composition ⿰雚力)

Derived characters

𠑧, 𡅳, 𪯄, 𣡒, 𤓘

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 150, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2486
Dae Jaweon: page 338, character 20
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 382, character 18
Unihan data for U+52F8

Chinese

trad.		勸
simp.		劝

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 勸
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (雚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
觀	koːn, koːns
灌	*koːns
鸛	*koːns
瓘	*koːns
矔	koːns, kroːns
懽	koːns, qʰoːn
爟	*koːns
雚	*koːns
罐	*koːns
鑵	*koːns
歡	*qʰoːn
驩	*qʰoːn
貛	*qʰoːn
酄	*qʰoːn
獾	*qʰoːn
讙	qʰoːn, qʰon
嚾	*qʰoːns
權	*ɡron
顴	*ɡron
孉	*ɡron
蠸	*ɡron
虇	kʰonʔ, kʰons
勸	*kʰons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰons) : phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) + semantic 力 (“strength”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): quàn (quan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hyun³
Gan (Wiktionary): qyon³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khien / khian

(Meixian, Guangdong): kian⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): qye³
Northern Min (KCR): ku̿ing / kṳ̿ing
Eastern Min (BUC): kuóng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khoàn / khǹg / khùiⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): keng³
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵chioe
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qyenn⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: quàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cyuàn
  - Wade–Giles: chʻüan⁴
  - Yale: chywàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiuann
  - Palladius: цюань (cjuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hyun³
  - Yale: hyun
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hyn³
  - Guangdong Romanization: hün³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyːn³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qyon³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyɵn²¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khien
  - Hakka Romanization System: kien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khian
  - Hakka Romanization System: kian
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰian⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: qye³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰye⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ku̿ing / kṳ̿ing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuiŋ³³/, /kʰyiŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kuóng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuɔŋ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoàn
  - Tâi-lô: khuàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoaxn
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰuan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰuan¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰuan²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khǹg
  - Tâi-lô: khǹg
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qngx
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /kʰŋ̍²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰŋ̍¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰŋ̍⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: khuìnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qvuix
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰuĩ²¹/

Note:

khoàn - literary;
khǹg/khùiⁿ - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: keng³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳ̀ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɯŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵chioe
  - MiniDict: chioe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²qyoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰyø³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: qyenn⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy̯ẽ⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: khjwonH

Rime
Character	勸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去願切
Baxter	khjwonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʉɐn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷiɐn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiuɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰuan^H/
Li Rong	/kʰiuɐn^H/
Wang Li	/kʰĭwɐn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯wɐn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	quàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hyun³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʷʰar-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰons/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	quàn
Middle Chinese	‹ khjwon^H ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʷʰar-s/
English	encourage
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勸
Reading #	1/1
No.	4501
Phonetic component	雚
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	劵
Old Chinese	/*kʰons/

Definitions

勸

to encourage; to recommend
- 善鄭以勸來者，猶懼不蔇，況不禮焉？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  善郑以劝来者，犹惧不蔇，况不礼焉？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Shàn Zhèng yǐ quàn láizhě, yóu jù bù jì, kuàng bùlǐ yān? [Pinyin]
  Even if we were to treat Zheng with propriety to encourage other vassals in the future, we should yet worry about falling short, let alone slighting them!
to advise; to urge; to exhort
勸告／劝告 ― quàngào ― to advise
to appeal
勸架／劝架 ― quànjià ― to conciliate (in a fight or quarrel)
a surname: Quan

Synonyms

(to encourage):

勉勵／勉励 (miǎnlì)
勗勉／勖勉 (xùmiǎn) (literary)
激勵／激励 (jīlì)
砥礪／砥砺 (dǐlì)
鼓動／鼓动 (gǔdòng)
鼓勵／鼓励 (gǔlì)
鼓舞 (gǔwǔ)

(to urge):

勸說／劝说 (quànshuō)
折服 (zhéfú)
說／说 (shuì) (literary, or in compounds)
說動／说动 (shuōdòng)
說服／说服

Dialectal synonyms of 催 (“to urge (someone to do something)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		催
Cantonese	Guangzhou	催
Cantonese	Hong Kong	催
Southern Min	Shantou (Chaoyang)	勸
Wu	Shanghai	催

Compounds

力勸／力劝
勸世／劝世 (quànshì)
勸勉／劝勉 (quànmiǎn)
勸募／劝募
勸化／劝化
勸告／劝告 (quàngào)
勸和／劝和 (quànhé)
勸善／劝善 (quànshàn)
勸善懲惡／劝善惩恶 (quànshànchéng'è)
勸善戒惡／劝善戒恶
勸善規過／劝善规过
勸善黜惡／劝善黜恶
勸學／劝学 (quànxué)
勸學篇／劝学篇
勸導／劝导 (quàndǎo)
勸慰／劝慰 (quànwèi)
勸戒／劝戒 (quànjiè)
勸捐／劝捐
勸教／劝教
勸杯／劝杯
勸架／劝架 (quànjià)
勸業場／劝业场
勸止／劝止 (quànzhǐ)
勸百諷一／劝百讽一
勸盤／劝盘
勸解／劝解 (quànjiě)
勸誘／劝诱 (quànyòu)
勸說／劝说 (quànshuō)
勸誡／劝诫 (quànjiè)
勸諫／劝谏 (quànjiàn)
勸農／劝农 (quànnóng)
勸退／劝退 (quàntuì)
勸進／劝进 (quànjìn)
勸酒／劝酒 (quànjiǔ)
勸酬／劝酬
勸開／劝开
勸阻／劝阻 (quànzǔ)
勸降／劝降 (quànxiáng)
勸駕／劝驾
和勸／和劝
奉勸／奉劝 (fèngquàn)
好言相勸／好言相劝 (hǎoyán xiāngquàn)
婉勸／婉劝
懲勸／惩劝
懲惡勸善／惩恶劝善 (chéng'èquànshàn)
扯勸／扯劝
拉勸／拉劝
柔性勸導／柔性劝导
殺狗勸夫／杀狗劝夫
演古勸今／演古劝今
相勸／相劝 (xiāngquàn)
罰一勸百／罚一劝百
苦勸／苦劝 (kǔquàn)
規勸／规劝 (guīquàn)
解勸／解劝
課勸／课劝
諷一勸百／讽一劝百
諫勸／谏劝
賞一勸百／赏一劝百
連勸帶訓／连劝带训
龔遂勸農／龚遂劝农

Descendants

→ Vietnamese: khuyên

Japanese

Shinjitai	勧
Kyūjitai	勸

Kanji

勸

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 勧)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: こん (kon)
Kan-on: けん (ken)
Kan’yō-on: かん (kan)
Kun: すすめる (susumeru)

Korean

Hanja

勸 (eumhun 권할 권 (gwonhal gwon))

Hanja form^? of 권 (“recommend, advise, urge”).

Vietnamese

Han character

勸: Hán Nôm readings: khuyến, khuyên

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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