ku-

• -ku

From Malay ku-, from ku, shortened form of aku, from Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

• IPA^(key): /ku/

ku-

1. I (personal pronoun)

• aku

• “ku-” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

ku-

1. first person singular nominative proclitic

• IPA^(key): [ku]

ku- (nominative proclitic, Lontara spelling ᨀᨘ)

1. I
2. we (first person plural exclusive)

• aku, daku

From ku, shortened form of aku, from Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

• IPA^(key): /ku/

ku- (Jawi spelling کو-) (informal)

1. I (personal pronoun)

   Kutahu.

   I know.

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀-.

ku-

1. you; second-person singular object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.

ku-

1. it; class 15 subject concord.
2. it; class 15 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.

ku-

1. it; class 17 subject concord.
2. it; class 17 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀-.

ku-

1. you; second-person singular object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-kʊ̀-.

ku-

1. Class 15 noun prefix; forms the infinitive of verbs.

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.

ku-

1. it; class 15 subject concord.
2. it; class 15 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.

ku-

1. it; class 17 subject concord.
2. it; class 17 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀-.

ku-

1. you; second-person singular object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.

ku-

1. it; class 15 subject concord.
2. it; class 15 object concord.

• (in certain cases before a vowel) kw-

• Audio (Kenya)

  (file)

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀-.

ku-

1. ku class_(XV) noun prefix; used before verb stem with eventual object concord to form infinitive
   1. used to form verbnoun

      Kufanya kazi ni muhimu ili kupata pesa.

      Working is important in order to earn money.

   2. used after auxiliary verbs that do not require subject agreement and tense/aspect marking on the dependent verb

      Nataka kukisoma.

      I want to read it.

      Ilisababisha watu kujifunza zaidi.

      It caused people to study more.

      • 2023, “Waasi wa ADF wadaiwa kuwaua raia”, in DW‎:

        Watu wasiopungua kumi wanadaiwa kuuawa na wengine zaidi ya thelathini kujeruhiwa vibaya.

        At least ten people are claimed to have been killed and more than thirty others to have been seriously injured.

   3. used after -a (including in the presense of a subject)

      kitabu cha kufundishia ― book of instruction

      baada ya kipindi kupita ― after the period passes/passed

   4. used after na to replace elided subject agreement and tense/aspect marking

      Nilisoma na kuandika.

      I read and wrote.

2. ku class_(XV)/ku class_(XVII) adjective agreement prefix

   Kusafiri ni kuzuri sana.

   Traveling is great.

   mahali kuzuri ― a nice area

3. verb-initial form of -ku- (“you, 2st person singular (or, if with suffix -ni, plural) object concord”)

• Appendix:Swahili noun classes

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.

ku-

1. it, there; ku class_(XV)/ku class_(XVII) subject concord

   Antonym: haku-

   Kutoa kunatokana na moyo.

   Giving comes from the heart.

   Kuna watu wengi nchini wanaotaka amani.

   There are many people in the country who want peace.

2. verb-initial form of -ku- (“there, ku class_(XVII) object concord”)

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀-.

ku-

1. you; second-person singular object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-kʊ̀-.

ku-

1. Class 15 noun prefix; forms the infinitive of verbs.

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.

ku-

1. it; class 15 subject concord.
2. it; class 15 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.

ku-

1. it; class 17 subject concord.
2. it; class 17 object concord.

• IPA^(key): /ku/

ku-

1. (transitive) Second-person singular subject + third person duoplural object.

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew-. Cognates include Ancient Greek χέω (khéō), Sanskrit जुहोति (juhoti), Old Armenian ձեւ (jew), Latin fundō, fūtis and Old English ġēotan, guttas (English gut).

ku-

1. to pour
2. to offer a libation

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew-. Cognates include Ancient Greek χέω (khéō), Sanskrit जुहोति (juhoti), Old Armenian ձեւ (jew), Latin fundō, fūtis and Old English ġēotan, guttas (English gut).

ku-

1. to pour
2. to offer a libation

• (before vowels) kw-

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.

• IPA^(key): /ku-/

ku-

1. class 15 pronominal concord

   ‎ku- + ‎-nu (“this, these”) → ‎kunu (“this (class 15)”)

2. it; class 15 subject concord

   ‎ku- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎kukora (“it (class 15) does”)

3. positive imperative form of -ku- (“it; class 15 object concord”)

   ‎ku- + ‎-ha (“to give”) → ‎kuha (“give it (class 15)”)

• Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 414

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀-.

ku-

1. you; second-person singular object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.

ku-

1. it; class 15 subject concord.
2. it; class 15 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.

ku-

1. it; class 17 subject concord.
2. it; class 17 object concord.

• IPA^(key): [ku-]

ku-

1. Allomorph of k- (first-person-dual-inclusive prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant and have a first vowel u.

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀-.

kú-

1. you; second-person singular object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀-.

ku-

1. Class 15 simple noun prefix.

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.

kú-

1. it; class 15 subject concord.
2. it; class 15 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀-.

ku-

1. Class 17 simple noun prefix.

From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.

kú-

1. it; class 17 subject concord.
2. it; class 17 object concord.

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ku-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ku-”