羹

See also: 羮 and 焿

羹	U+7FB9, 羹 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7FB9

← 羸
[U+7FB8]

CJK Unified Ideographs

羺 →
[U+7FBA]

Translingual

Han character

羹 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+13, 19 strokes, cangjie input 廿土火廿大 (TGFTK), four-corner 8053₀, composition ⿱羔美)

Derived characters

𤄾, 𦣍, 𢑌

Related characters

羮 (Variant form)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 954, character 25
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28584
Dae Jaweon: page 1399, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3139, character 13
Unihan data for U+7FB9

Chinese

trad.		羹
simp. ^#		羹
alternative forms		𩱧𩱋𢑌羮焿

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gēng (geng¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄥ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gang¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): gang^1*
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kiⁿ / keⁿ / kng / keng

(Teochew, Peng'im): gên¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: geng
  - Wade–Giles: kêng¹
  - Yale: gēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geng
  - Palladius: гэн (gɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gang¹
  - Yale: gāng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: geng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: gang^1*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvy
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /kĩ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /kĩ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kenn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvef
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ̃⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan): /kẽ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kng
  - Tâi-lô: kng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
  - Tâi-lô: king
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

kiⁿ/keⁿ - vernacular;
kng/keng - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gên¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: keⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kẽ³³/

Middle Chinese: kaeng

Rime
Character	羹
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古行切
Baxter	kaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/kɐŋ/
Wang Li	/kɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gang¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤraŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	羹
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gēng
Middle Chinese	‹ kæng ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁraŋ/
English	soup
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	羹
Reading #	1/1
No.	3988
Phonetic component	羹
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	庚
Old Chinese	/*kraːŋ/

Definitions

羹

thick soup; broth
魚肚羹／鱼肚羹 ― yúdùgēng ― fish maw soup
vegetable soup
soups in general
(Cantonese) spoon (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
(Cantonese) Classifier for amounts of substance in a spoon.
𢳂羹辣椒醬落去 [Cantonese, trad.]
𫼣羹辣椒酱落去 [Cantonese, simp.]
bat¹ gang¹ laat⁶ ziu¹ zoeng³ lok⁶ heoi³ [Jyutping]
scoop a spoon of hot sauce in

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 勺子 (“spoon”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		匙, 勺
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		調羹, 湯匙, 羹匙, 匙子
Mandarin	Beijing	勺兒, 羹匙
	Taiwan	湯匙
	Tianjin	調羹, 勺兒
	Chengde	羹匙兒
	Tangshan	羹匙兒
	Cangzhou	調羹, 勺兒
	Baoding	調羹
	Shijiazhuang	勺兒
	Chifeng	羹匙兒, 勺子
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	小勺兒
	Heihe	調羹兒, 羹匙兒, 勺兒
	Qiqihar	調羹, 羹匙兒, 小勺兒
	Harbin	勺兒, 小勺兒
	Jiamusi	羹匙兒, 勺兒
	Baicheng	羹匙, 勺兒
	Changchun	羹匙兒
	Tonghua	羹匙兒
	Shenyang	羹匙兒, 勺兒
	Dandong	羹匙兒, 勺兒
	Jinzhou	羹匙兒, 匙兒, 匙子
	Dalian	匙羹兒
	Yantai	匙子, 匙兒
	Yantai (Muping)	調羹兒
	Qingdao	調羹, 羹匙兒
	Lijin	調羹
	Zhucheng	匙子
	Jinan	勺子, 調羹, 小勺兒
	Jining	調羹兒
	Luoyang	調羹, 調羹勺兒
	Wanrong	勺兒, 調羹匙兒
	Shangqiu	調羹, 勺兒
	Yuanyang	調羹, 小勺兒
	Zhengzhou	調羹, 小勺
	Lingbao	羹勺兒
	Xinyang	調羹, 磁勺兒
	Baihe	勺勺兒
	Hanzhong	瓢瓢
	Xi'an	勺勺兒, 調羹, 調羹兒, 小勺兒
	Baoji	調羹, 勺
	Yinchuan	調羹兒, 調羹子, 勺勺子
	Tianshui	調羹
	Lanzhou	調羹兒, 調羹子, 勺兒, 勺勺子
	Dunhuang	調羹, 勺勺子
	Xining	調羹兒, 勺勺兒
	Hami	調羹
	Ürümqi	調羹, 勺勺子
	Wuhan	瓢羹, 湯瓢, 瓢, 調羹
	Yichang	調羹兒, 瓢羹兒, 湯瓢兒
	Xiangyang	調羹兒
	Tianmen	調羹, 瓢羹
	Hong'an	調羹, 湯勺兒, 勺兒, 挑兒
	Chengdu	瓢羹, 瓢羹兒, 調羹, 調羹兒, 瓢瓢兒
	Nanchong	調羹兒
	Dazhou	調羹兒
	Hanyuan	調羹
	Xichang	調羹
	Zigong	調羹兒
	Chongqing	瓢羹兒
	Guiyang	瓢羹
	Zunyi	調羹兒
	Bijie	瓢羹, 調匙
	Liping	調羹
	Zhaotong	調羹
	Dali	調羹
Kunming	調羹, 小勺勺, 勺
Mengzi	調羹
Guilin	調羹
Liuzhou	調羹, 匙羹, 瓢羹
Jishou	調羹兒
Changde	調羹
Anqing	調羹
Xuzhou	調羹, 湯勺兒, 湯勺子
Fuyang	勺子
Wuhu	湯瓢, 挑子
Yangzhou	瓢子, 挑子, 調羹
Lianyungang	調羹, 湯瓢子
Lianshui	湯勺子
Nanjing	調羹兒, 調羹, 挑子, 茶叉
Hefei	調羹, 挑子, 勺子
Nantong	調羹, 勺兒
Malaysia	湯匙
Singapore	湯匙
Cantonese	Guangzhou	匙羹, 羹
	Hong Kong	匙羹, 羹
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	湯殼
	Macau	匙羹
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	匙羹
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	匙羹
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	匙羹
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	調羹
	Foshan	匙羹
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	匙羹
	Foshan (Shunde)	匙羹
	Foshan (Sanshui)	匙羹
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	匙羹
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	匙羹
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	匙羹
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	匙羹
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	匙羹
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	匙羹
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	匙羹
	Taishan	匙羹, 羹
	Kaiping (Chikan)	匙羹
	Enping (Niujiang)	匙羹
	Heshan (Yayao)	匙羹
	Dongguan	匙羹
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	羹調
	Yangjiang	羹
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	匙羹
	Singapore (Guangfu)	匙羹
Gan	Nanchang	瓢羹, 調羹
	Lichuan	瓢羹, 調羹
	Pingxiang	挑羹
Hakka	Meixian	調羹, 調羹仔, 湯匙
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	調羹
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	匙羹
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	匙羹
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	挑羹
	Conghua (Lütian)	調羹
	Yudu	調羹
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	湯匙
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	調羹仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	湯匙
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	湯匙
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	湯匙
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	湯匙
	Kuching (Hepo)	湯匙
Huizhou	Jixi	瓢羹, 瓢
Huizhou	Shexian	瓢, 湯瓢
Jin	Taiyuan	匙匙, 調羹兒, 羹匙
	Yangyuan	小勺兒
	Datong	勺兒, 勺勺兒
	Xinzhou	匙匙
	Lishi	調羹兒, 匙匙
	Linfen	勺兒
	Changzhi	調羹兒
	Linhe	勺勺
	Jining	調羹勺
	Hohhot	調羹兒勺
	Erenhot	小勺子
	Pingshan	調羹勺兒, 勺勺兒
	Zhangjiakou	調羹勺子
	Handan	調羹, 羹匙
	Linzhou	調羹兒, 小勺兒
	Suide	調羹兒, 勺勺
Northern Min	Jian'ou	調羹
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	瓢羹
	Fuqing	瓢羹, 湯匙
	Singapore (Fuqing)	瓢羹, 湯匙
Southern Min	Xiamen	湯匙
	Quanzhou	湯匙
	Zhangzhou	湯匙, 調羹, 調羹仔
	Taipei	湯匙
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	湯匙
	Kaohsiung	湯匙仔
	Yilan	湯匙, 調羹仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	湯匙
	Taichung	湯匙仔
	Tainan	湯匙, 湯匙仔
	Hsinchu	湯匙
	Kinmen	湯匙
	Penghu (Magong)	湯匙
	Penang (Hokkien)	調羹, 湯匙
	Singapore (Hokkien)	湯匙
	Manila (Hokkien)	湯匙
	Medan (Hokkien)	調羹
	Chaozhou	湯匙
	Shantou	湯匙
	Singapore (Teochew)	湯匙
	Leizhou	羹
	Wenchang	頭羹
	Singapore (Hainanese)	頭羹
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	匙羹
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	匙羹, 調羹
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	瓢羹
Wu	Shanghai	調羹, 抄, 剪勺
	Shanghai (Chongming)	調羹
	Suzhou	抄, 調羹
	Danyang	匙, 匙匙, 調羹
	Hangzhou	瓢羹兒
	Ningbo	羹調, 調羹
	Wenzhou	調羹
	Jinhua	瓢羹
Xiang	Changsha	瓢羹, 調羹, 挑子
	Loudi	瓢羹, 調羹, 挑子
	Shuangfeng	調勾, 挑子

Descendants

→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *kɛːŋᴬ¹
- Lao: ແກງ (kǣng, “stew; soup”)
- Thai: แกง (gɛɛng, “curry; soup; stew”)
- Northern Thai: ᨠᩯ᩠ᨦ
- Lü: ᦶᦂᧂ (k̇aeng)
- Shan: ၵႅင် (kěng)
→ Saek: เก๋ง

Compounds

分一杯羹 (fēnyībēigēng)
分我杯羹
分杯羹
吃閉門羹／吃闭门羹 (chī bìméngēng)
和羹
嚃羹
土托魚羹／土托鱼羹
塵飯塗羹／尘饭涂羹
大羹玄酒
太羹
年羹堯／年羹尧
懲羹吹齏／惩羹吹齑 (chénggēngchuījī)
指雁為羹／指雁为羹
殘羹／残羹
殘羹冷炙／残羹冷炙
殘羹冷飯／残羹冷饭
殘羹剩飯／残羹剩饭 (cángēngshèngfàn)
沸羹
爺羹娘飯／爷羹娘饭
爺飯娘羹／爷饭娘羹
百歲羹／百岁羹
簞食豆羹／箪食豆羹
羊羹 (yánggēng)
羹匙 (gēngchí)
羹湯／羹汤
羹牆／羹墙
羹牆見堯／羹墙见尧
羹藜唅糗
羹飯／羹饭
肉羹 (ròugēng)
芼羹
蓴羹鱸膾／莼羹鲈脍
藜羹
蜩螗沸羹
調羹／调羹 (tiáogēng)
豆羹
鉶羹／铏羹
閉門羹／闭门羹 (bìméngēng)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): láng (lang²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): long⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: láng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: láng
  - Wade–Giles: lang²
  - Yale: láng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lang
  - Palladius: лан (lan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: long⁴
  - Yale: lòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: long⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: long⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːŋ²¹/

Definitions

羹

Only used in 不羹.

Japanese

Kanji

羹

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: きょう (kyō)
Kan-on: こう (kō)
Kan’yō-on: かん (kan)
Kun: あつもの (atsumono)

Compounds

肉羹(にくこう) (nikukō): meat broth
羊羹(ようかん) (yōkan): a gelatin made from boiled sheep and used in soups; a thick jellied dessert made of red bean paste, agar, and sugar

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
羹
かん Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 羹 (MC kaeng).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Affix

羹(かん) • (kan)

broth of fish and vegetables

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
羹
あつもの Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

あつ (atsu, “hot”) +‎ もの (mono, “thing”)[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) あつもの [àtsúmónó] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [a̠t͡sɨᵝmo̞no̞]

Noun

羹(あつもの) • (atsumono)

broth of fish and vegetables

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

羹 • (gaeng) (hangeul 갱, revised gaeng, McCune–Reischauer kaeng, Yale kayng)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

羹: Hán Nôm readings: canh

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN