羊羹

Chinese

Etymology 1
caprid soup
trad. (羊羹) 羊 羹
simp. #(羊羹) 羊 羹

Pronunciation

Noun

羊羹

  1. lamb soup; lamb broth
Synonyms
  • 羊湯／羊汤

Etymology 2
caprid soup
trad. (羊羹) 羊 羹
simp. #(羊羹) 羊 羹
alternative forms 洋羹

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 羊羹(ようかん) (yōkan), in turn from Chinese.

Pronunciation

Noun

羊羹

  1. yokan
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 羊羹 (“yokan”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 羊羹
Mandarin Taiwan 羊羹
Cantonese Hong Kong 羊羹
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 羊羹
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 羊羹
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 羊羹
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 羊羹
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 羊羹
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 羊羹
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 羊羹
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 羊羹
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 羊羹
Southern Min New Taipei (Tamsui) 羊羹, 菜燕糖
New Taipei (Pingxi) 羊羹
Kaohsiung 羊羹, 菜燕糖
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 羊羹
Yilan (Toucheng) 羊羹
Tainan (Anping) 羊羹
Penghu (Xiyu) 羊羹

Etymology 3
caprid soup
trad. (羊羹) 羊 羹
simp. #(羊羹) 羊 羹
alternative forms 洋羹

From Japanese 羊羹(ようかん) (yōkan), in turn from Chinese.

Pronunciation

Noun

羊羹

  1. yokan
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 羊羹 (“yokan”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 羊羹
Mandarin Taiwan 羊羹
Cantonese Hong Kong 羊羹
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 羊羹
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 羊羹
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 羊羹
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 羊羹
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 羊羹
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 羊羹
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 羊羹
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 羊羹
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 羊羹
Southern Min New Taipei (Tamsui) 羊羹, 菜燕糖
New Taipei (Pingxi) 羊羹
Kaohsiung 羊羹, 菜燕糖
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 羊羹
Yilan (Toucheng) 羊羹
Tainan (Anping) 羊羹
Penghu (Xiyu) 羊羹

References

Japanese
羊羹 (yōkan)
Kanji in this term
羊 羹
よう
Grade: 3		 かん
Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Etymology

/yaukan/ → /yɔːkan/ → /yoːkan/

Originally from Middle Chinese compound 羊羹 (yang kæng, literally “sheep + soup, broth”). The gelatin meaning arose from the way that sheep meat or other parts would be boiled down to produce gelatin.

Pronunciation

Noun

羊(よう)羹(かん) • (yōkan) ←やうかん (yaukan)?

  1. (obsolete) a gelatin made from boiled sheep and used in soups
  2. yokan, a thick jellied dessert made of adzuki (red bean paste), agar, and sugar
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 823:
      Yôcan. ヤゥカン (羊羹) 豆に粗糖をまぜて,こねたもので作った食物.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 水羊羹(みずようかん) (mizu yōkan)
  • 練(ね)り羊羹(ようかん) (neri yōkan)
  • 羊羹紙(ようかんかみ) (yōkan kami)
  • 羊羹色(ようかんいろ) (yōkan iro): the color of yokan
  • 蒸(む)し羊羹(ようかん) (mushi yōkan): steamed yokan

Descendants
  • → Cantonese: 羊羹 (joeng4 gang1)
  • → English: yokan, youkan
  • → Hakka: 羊羹 (yòng-kâng, yô-kháng)
  • → Korean: 양갱(羊羹) (yanggaeng), 요캉 (yokang)
  • → Mandarin: 羊羹 (yánggēng)
  • → Min Nan: 羊羹 (iő-káng, io-kàng)

References
  1. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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