供

供	U+4F9B, 供 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F9B

← 侚
[U+4F9A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

侜 →
[U+4F9C]

Translingual

Han character

供 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人廿金 (OTC), four-corner 2428₁, composition ⿰亻共)

Derived characters

䣏, 𥯏, 𧨻

Descendants

𛀮

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 102, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 605
Dae Jaweon: page 216, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 144, character 4
Unihan data for U+4F9B

Chinese

simp. and trad.		供
alternative forms		共龔／龚 to supply

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 供

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Small seal script

**Small seal script**
s05738

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L00855	L00856

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (共) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
港	kroːŋʔ, ɡloːŋs
巷	*ɡroːŋs
衖	*ɡroːŋs
鬨	ɡroːŋs, ɡloːŋs
烘	qʰloːŋ, qʰloːŋs, ɡoːŋ, ɡloːŋs
洪	*ɡloːŋ
鉷	*ɡloːŋ
谼	*ɡloːŋ
葓	*ɡoːŋ
哄	*ɡloːŋs
蕻	*ɡloːŋs
恭	*kloŋ
供	kloŋ, kloŋs
龔	*kloŋ
珙	kloŋ, kloŋʔ
共	kloŋ, ɡloŋs
髸	*kloŋ
拱	*kloŋʔ
拲	kloŋʔ, kloɡ
蛬	kloŋʔ, ɡloŋ
栱	*kloŋʔ
輁	kloŋʔ, ɡloŋ
舼	*ɡloŋ
輂	*kloɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloŋ, *kloŋs) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gōng, gòng (gong¹, gong⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ, ㄍㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kiûng

(Meixian, Guangdong): giung¹
Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆ng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): keng / kiong

(Teochew, Peng'im): gêng¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹kon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gong
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹
  - Yale: gūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
  - Palladius: гун (gun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, common mispronunciation)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gòng
  - Wade–Giles: kung⁴
  - Yale: gùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
  - Palladius: гун (gun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gung¹
  - Yale: gūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: giung´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: giung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kiʊŋ⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
  - Tâi-lô: king
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
  - Tâi-lô: kiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³/

Note:

keng - vernacular;
kiong - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: keng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹kon
  - MiniDict: kon^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kon
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: kjowng

Rime
Character	供
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	九容切
Baxter	kjowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuawŋ/
Li Rong	/kioŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k<r>oŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kloŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	供
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjowng ›
Old Chinese	/*k<r>oŋ/
English	furnish; serve, offer
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	供
Reading #	1/2
No.	4167
Phonetic component	共
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	恭
Old Chinese	/*kloŋ/

Definitions

供

to supply; to provide for
to provide certain convenience or support
to pay in installments
供樓／供楼 [Cantonese] ― gung¹ lau^4-2 [Jyutping] ― to pay a housing mortgage
Alternative form of 恭 (gōng, “to respect”)
a surname

Compounds

供不上
供不應求／供不应求 (gōngbùyìngqiú)
供張／供张
供應商／供应商 (gōngyìngshāng)
供氧 (gōngyǎng)
供水 (gōngshuǐ)
供求 (gōngqiú)
供用 (gōngyòng)
供給／供给 (gōngjǐ)
供膳甘肥
供過於求／供过于求 (gōngguòyúqiú)
供銷／供销 (gōngxiāo)
供銷員／供销员
供電／供电 (gōngdiàn)
供電系統／供电系统
供需 (gōngxū)
供需失衡
供需失調／供需失调
供食 (gōngshí)
提供
氧供 (yǎnggōng)
求過於供／求过于供
產供銷／产供销

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gòng, gōng (gong⁴, gong¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˋ, ㄍㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kiûng / kiung

(Meixian, Guangdong): giung⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): gé̤ṳng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kiòng / kèng

(Teochew, Peng'im): gong³ / gêng¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵cion; ⁵kon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gòng
  - Wade–Giles: kung⁴
  - Yale: gùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
  - Palladius: гун (gun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gong
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹
  - Yale: gūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
  - Palladius: гун (gun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

gōng - Taiwan standard for “to confess; confession”, and Mainland standard for “to look after”. In actual usage, however, the two pronunciations are often confused.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gung³
  - Yale: gung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng / kiung
  - Hakka Romanization System: giung´ / giung
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giung¹ / giung⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/, /ki̯uŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: giung⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kiʊŋ⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gé̤ṳng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /køyŋ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiòng
  - Tâi-lô: kiòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kioxng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
  - Tâi-lô: kìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/

Note:

kiòng - literary;
kèng - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gong³ / gêng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kòng / keng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /koŋ²¹³/, /keŋ³³/

Note: gêng1 - alternative reading.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵cion; ⁵kon
  - MiniDict: cion^去; kon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²jion; ²kon
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕioŋ³⁴/, /koŋ³⁴/

Note:

2jion - vernacular;
2kon - literary.

Middle Chinese: kjowngH

Rime
Character	供
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居用切
Baxter	kjowngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨoŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kioŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kioŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuawŋ^H/
Li Rong	/kioŋ^H/
Wang Li	/kĭwoŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯woŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kloŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	供
Reading #	2/2
No.	4178
Phonetic component	共
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	供
Old Chinese	/*kloŋs/

Definitions

供

to present incense or offerings before the image of a god or the deceased; to enshrine and worship
offering; tribute; sacrifice
to assume office
to confess; to own up; to make a confession of
供述 ― gōngshù ― to confess (in an interrogation)
confession; admission; owning up
to look after (one's parents or children etc.); to support
(Hakka) to raise (children or animals); to feed (livestocks)
供豬仔／供猪仔 [Meixian Hakka] ― giung⁴ zu¹ ê³ [Hakka Transliteration Scheme] ― to feed pigs

Compounds

上供 (shànggòng)
不供
串供 (chuàngòng)
供事 (gòngshì)
供佛 (gòngfó)
供吐
供品 (gòngpǐn)
供奉 (gòngfèng)
供奠
供客
供尖
供床
供應／供应 (gōngyìng)
供承
供招
供攀
供月兒／供月儿
供果 (gòngguǒ)
供桌 (gòngzhuō)
供狀／供状 (gòngzhuàng)
供獻／供献
供碗
供稱／供称 (gòngchēng)
供職／供职 (gòngzhí)
供花
供茶
供詞／供词 (gòngcí)
供認／供认 (gòngrèn)
供述 (gòngshù)
供過／供过
供養／供养
口供
打供
打供太保
投供
招供 (zhāogòng)
擺供／摆供 (bǎigòng)
攀供
明伙畫供
炸供
煙雲供養／烟云供养
畫供／画供 (huàgòng)
筆供／笔供 (bǐgòng)
翻供 (fāngòng)
自供狀／自供状 (zìgòngzhuàng)
蜜供
親供／亲供
訊供／讯供
逼供 (bīgòng)
錄供／录供 (lùgòng)
香花供養／香花供养
齋供／斋供

References

“供”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

供

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: く (ku, Jōyō ^†)
Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)^{←きよう (kyou, historical)}
Kan’yō-on: ぐ (gu)
Kun: そなえる (sonaeru, 供える, Jōyō); とも (tomo, 供, Jōyō)

Compounds

供(そな)え物(もの) (sonaemono, “offering to gods”)
供(く)物(もつ) (kumotsu, “offering to gods”)
供(きょう)宴(えん) (kyōen, “banquet”)
供(きょう)応(おう) (kyōō, “treating to dinner”)
供(きょう)花(か) (kyōka, “floral offering”)
供(く)犠(ぎ) (kugi, “animal sacrifice”)
供(きょう)給(きゅう) (kyōkyū, “supply”)
供(きょう)血(けつ) (kyōketsu, “blood donation”)
供(く)御(ご) (kugo, “emperor's meal”)
供(ぐ)祭(さい) (gusai, “offering”)
供(きょう)出(しゅつ) (kyōshutsu, “delivery”)
供(きょう)述(じゅつ) (kyōjutsu, “affidavit”)
供(ぐ)進(しん) (gushin, “giving an offering”)
供(とも)人(びと) (tomobito, “companion”)
供(とも)勢(ぜい) (tomozei, “servant”)
供(きょう)託(たく) (kyōtaku, “deposit”)
供(きょう)米(まい) (kyōmai, “rice delivered to the government”)
供(ぐ)奉(ぶ) (gubu, “accompanying”)
供(きょう)与(よ) (kyōyo, “provision”)
供(きょう)用(よう) (kyōyō, “offer for use”)
供(く)養(よう) (kuyō, “memorial service”)
供(きょう)覧(らん) (kyōran, “display”)
供(きょう)料(りょう) (kyōryō, “offering”)
口(こう)供(きょう) (kōkyō, “affidavit”)
自(じ)供(きょう) (jikyō, “confession”)
節(せっ)供(く) (sekku, “seasonal festival”)
提(てい)供(きょう) (teikyō, “providing”)
私(わたし)供(ども) (watashidomo, “we”)
初(はつ)節(ぜっ)供(く) (hatsuzekku)
子(こ)供(ども) (kodomo, “child”)
試(し)供(きょう)品(ひん) (shikyōhin, “free sample”)

Kanji in this term
供
とも Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Noun

供(とも) • (tomo)

Derived terms

人(ひと)身(み)御(ご)供(くう) (hitomi gokū, “human sacrifice”)
供(とも)回(まわ)り (tomomawari)
供(とも)待(ま)ち (tomomachi, “attendant's waiting room”)
供(とも)揃(ぞろ)い (tomozoroi, “attendants”)

Korean

Hanja

供 (eumhun 이바지할 공 (ibajihal gong))

Hanja form^? of 공 (“contribute, supply, provide”).

Vietnamese

Han character

供: Hán Nôm readings: cung, cúng, củng, cũng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

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