Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/adgïr

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*adgïr

stallion

Declension

Declension of *adgïr

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*adgïr
Accusative	adgïrnï, adgïrïg ⁴⁾, *adgïrnïg ¹⁾
Genitive	*adgïrnïŋ
Dative	*adgïrka
Locative	*adgïrta
Ablative	*adgïrtan
Allative	*adgïrgaru
Instrumental ²⁾	*adgïrïn
Equative ²⁾	*adgïrča
Similative ²⁾	*adgïrlayu
Comitative ²⁾	*adgïrlïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: ӑйӑр (ăjăr)
→ Proto-Mongolic: *ajïrga (“stallion”)[1][2]
Common Turkic: *adgïr
- Proto-Oghuz: *ayɣïr
  - West Oghuz:
    - Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (ayğır)
      Azerbaijani: ayğır (see there for further descendants)
      
      Gagauz: haygır, aygır
      
      Ottoman Turkish: آیغر (ayğır) (see there for further descendants)
      Turkish: aygır
  - East Oghuz:
    - Turkmen: aýgyr
- Karluk:
  - Karakhanid: اَذْغِرْ (aδɣïr)
    - Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (aδɣïr), [script needed] (ayɣïr)
      Chagatai: [script needed] (ayğır)
      Uzbek: aygʻir
      
      Uyghur: ئايغىر (ayghir)
- Kipchak:
  - Kipchak: ايغر (ayğır)
    - North Kipchak:
      Bashkir: айғыр (ayğır)
      
      Tatar: айгыр (aygır)
      
      Siberian Tatar: айғыр (ayğır)
    - West Kipchak:
      Crimean Tatar: ayğır
      
      Karachay-Balkar: аджир (acir), ажир (ajir)
      
      Kumyk: айгъыр (ayğır) (see there for further descendants)
    - South Kipchak:
      Kazakh: айғыр (aiğyr)
      
      Karakalpak: айғыр (ayğır)
    - East Kipchak:
      Kyrgyz: айгыр (aygır)
      
      Southern Altai: айгыр (aygïr)
    - → Polish: ogier (see there for further descendants)
    - Ukrainian: огир (ohyr)
- Siberian:
  - Old Turkic: 𐰑𐰍𐰺 (adɣïr)
    - Old Uyghur: ʾʾdqyr (adɣïr)
      Western Yugur: азғыр (azğïr)
  - North Siberian:
    - Yakut: атыыр (atıır)
  - South Siberian:
    - Sayan Turkic:
      Tofa: асқыр
      
      Tuvan: аскыр (askır)
    - Yeniseian Turkic:
      Khakas: асхыр (asxır)
      
      Shor: асқыр
      
      Chulym: asqïr
      
      → Arin: askɨr [3]
      
      → Assan: askir [3]
      
      → Kott: askar [3]

Animals in Turkic
Dog	dog: *ït	Hunting Dog	hunting dog: *eker	Hen	hen: *tiakïgu
Lark	lark: *torgay	Pigeon	dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin	Quail	quail: *bïldurčïn
Sparrow	sparrow: *serče	Hawk	hawk, falcon: *kïrguy	Goose	goose: *kāŕ
Wolf	wolf: *bȫrü	Cow	cow: *ingek	Calf	calf: *buŕagu
Camel	camel: *tebe	Young Camel	young of camel: kȫĺek, botu	Horse	horse: *at
Foal	foal: *kulun	Worm	worm: *kūrt	Snake	snake: *yï̄lan
Fox	fox: *tilkü	goat	goat: *keči	He-goat	he-goat: *teke
Lion	lion: *arsïlan	Fish	fish: *bālïk	Abramis brama	carp bream: *čapak
Donkey	donkey: *eĺčgek	Carp	carp: *siāŕgan	Catfish	catfish: *yāyïn
Beaver	beaver: *kunduŕ	Hedgehog	hedgehog: *kirpi	Badger	badger: *borsmuk
Fly	fly, mosquito: *siŋek	Bee	wasp, bee: *ārï	Gadlfy	gadfly: *bȫgen
Moth	moth: *küńe	Louse	louse: *bït	Earthworm	earthworm: *sïbuĺgan
Yak	yak: *kotuz	Colt	colt: *sïp	Dragon	dragon: *siāŕgan
Worm	worm: *kūrt	Deer	deer: keyik, sïgun, bulan, bugu	Lizard	lizard: *keleŕ

References

Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎, Utrecht: LOT, page 266
Sanžejev, G. D., Orlovskaja, M. N., Ševernina, Z. V. (2015) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ mongolʹskix jazykov: v 3 t. [Etymological dictionary of Mongolic languages: in 3 vols.] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 43
Khabtagaeva, Bayarma (2019) Language Contact in Siberia: Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic Loanwords in Yeniseian (The languages of Asia series; 19)‎, Brill, →ISBN, page 67

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “adğır”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 47
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “aygır”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 6
Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 107
Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 64

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[1] Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎, Utrecht: LOT, page 266

[2] Sanžejev, G. D., Orlovskaja, M. N., Ševernina, Z. V. (2015) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ mongolʹskix jazykov: v 3 t. [Etymological dictionary of Mongolic languages: in 3 vols.] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 43

[yen-3] Khabtagaeva, Bayarma (2019) Language Contact in Siberia: Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic Loanwords in Yeniseian (The languages of Asia series; 19)‎, Brill, →ISBN, page 67