Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/siāŕgan

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Potentially from *siāŕ +‎ *-gan.[1] Compare with Proto-Mongolic *sirüxe (“ruff (fish)”) and Proto-Mongolic *sïraxu (“earth”).

Noun

*siāŕgan

carp
dragon

Declension

Declension of *siāŕgan

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*siāŕgan
Accusative	siāŕgannï, siāŕganïg ⁴⁾, *siāŕgannïg ¹⁾
Genitive	*siāŕgannïŋ
Dative	*siāŕganka
Locative	*siāŕganta
Ablative	*siāŕgantan
Allative	*siāŕgangaru
Instrumental ²⁾	*siāŕganïn
Equative ²⁾	*siāŕganča
Similative ²⁾	*siāŕganlayu
Comitative ²⁾	*siāŕganlïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Old Chuvash: шаран (šaran)
- → Hungarian: sárkány
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: sazan
  - Ottoman Turkish: سازان
    - Turkish: sazan
    - Gagauz: sazan
- Turkmen: sāzan
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (sazgan)
  - Uzbek: sazan
Kipchak: [script needed] (sazagan)
- North Kypchak:
  - Bashkir: һазан (hazan)
- Kypchak-Nogai:
  - Kazakh: сазан (sazan)
- Kyrgyz–Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: [script needed] (sazan)
  - Southern Altai: сазан (sazan)
Siberian:
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tuvan: [script needed] (sazan)

Animals in Turkic
Dog	dog: *ït	Hunting Dog	hunting dog: *eker	Hen	hen: *tiakïgu
Lark	lark: *torgay	Pigeon	dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin	Quail	quail: *bïldurčïn
Sparrow	sparrow: *serče	Hawk	hawk, falcon: *kïrguy	Goose	goose: *kāŕ
Wolf	wolf: *bȫrü	Cow	cow: *ingek	Calf	calf: *buŕagu
Camel	camel: *tebe	Young Camel	young of camel: kȫĺek, botu	Horse	horse: *at
Foal	foal: *kulun	Worm	worm: *kūrt	Snake	snake: *yï̄lan
Fox	fox: *tilkü	goat	goat: *keči	He-goat	he-goat: *teke
Lion	lion: *arsïlan	Fish	fish: *bālïk	Abramis brama	carp bream: *čapak
Donkey	donkey: *eĺčgek	Carp	carp: *siāŕgan	Catfish	catfish: *yāyïn
Beaver	beaver: *kunduŕ	Hedgehog	hedgehog: *kirpi	Badger	badger: *borsmuk
Fly	fly, mosquito: *siŋek	Bee	wasp, bee: *ārï	Gadlfy	gadfly: *bȫgen
Moth	moth: *küńe	Louse	louse: *bït	Earthworm	earthworm: *sïbuĺgan
Yak	yak: *kotuz	Colt	colt: *sïp	Dragon	dragon: *siāŕgan
Worm	worm: *kūrt	Deer	deer: keyik, sïgun, bulan, bugu	Lizard	lizard: *keleŕ

References

Nişanyan, Sevan (2015-06-11) “sazan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*sāŕV-gan”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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[1] Nişanyan, Sevan (2015-06-11) “sazan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük