糖

See also: 醣
糖 U+7CD6, 糖
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CD6
← 糕
[U+7CD5] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 糗 →
[U+7CD7]

糖 U+FA03, 糖
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA03
← 拓
[U+FA02] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 宅 →
[U+FA04]

Translingual

Han character

糖 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 火木戈中口 (FDILR), four-corner 90967, composition ⿰米唐)

References

Chinese
trad. 糖/醣
simp. 糖
2nd round simp. 𰪩
alternative forms 餹／糖
饄
糛
𥼽／𥹥
𥽻
醣 - “saccharide”

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 糖
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (庚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
唐 *ɡl'aːŋ
煻 *l'aːŋ
糖 *l'aːŋ
搪 *l'aːŋ
蓎 *l'aːŋ
瑭 *l'aːŋ
餹 *l'aːŋ
篖 *l'aːŋ
螗 *l'aːŋ
塘 *l'aːŋ
鶶 *l'aːŋ
赯 *l'aːŋ
磄 *l'aːŋ
溏 *l'aːŋ
傏 *l'aːŋ
鎕 *l'aːŋ
榶 *l'aːŋ
嵣 *l'aːŋʔ, *l'aːŋs
庚 *kraːŋ
賡 *kraːŋ
鹒 *kraːŋ
康 *kʰlaːŋ
穅 *kʰlaːŋ
糠 *kʰlaːŋ
槺 *kʰlaːŋ
漮 *kʰlaːŋ
躿 *kʰlaːŋ
慷 *kʰlaːŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːŋ) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 唐 (OC *ɡl'aːŋ).

Etymology

Original meaning was “sweet rice cake” or “sugar syrup”. Cognate with 餳 (OC *ljaːŋ).

Compare Proto-Lingao lhaŋ2 ("sugar"), whence Lincheng /haŋ˧/, Qiongshan /liaŋ˩˧/.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • tong4 - “sugar”;
  • tong4-2 - “candy”.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 糖
Mandarin Beijing /tʰɑŋ³⁵/
Harbin /tʰaŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /tʰɑŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /tʰaŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /tʰaŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /tʰaŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /tʰaŋ²⁴/
Xining /tʰɔ̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /tʰɑŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /tʰɑ̃⁵³/
Ürümqi /tʰɑŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /tʰaŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /tʰaŋ³¹/
Guiyang /tʰaŋ²¹/
Kunming /tʰã̠¹/
Nanjing /tʰaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /tʰɑ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /tʰɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /tʰɑŋ¹³/
/tɑŋ¹³/ 黑～
Hohhot /tʰɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /dɑ̃²³/
Suzhou /dɑ̃¹³/
Hangzhou /dɑŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /duɔ³¹/
Hui Shexian /tʰa⁴⁴/
Tunxi /tʰau¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /tan¹³/
Xiangtan /dɔn¹²/
Gan Nanchang /tʰɔŋ²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /tʰoŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /tʰoŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰɔŋ²¹/
Nanning /tʰɔŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /tʰɔŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tʰɔŋ³⁵/
/tʰŋ̍³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tʰouŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tʰɔŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /tʰɯŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ho³¹/
Rime
Character 糖
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒郎切
Baxter dang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /dɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /dɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /dɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /daŋ/
Li
Rong		 /dɑŋ/
Wang
Li		 /dɑŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /dʱɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 táng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 tong4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 糖
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 táng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.lˁaŋ/ (no pre-Qín exx)
English sugar

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 糖
Reading # 1/1
No. 3961
Phonetic
component		 庚
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 唐
Old
Chinese		 /*l'aːŋ/

Definitions

糖

  1. sugar
    白糖  ―  báitáng  ―  white sugar
    紅糖／红糖  ―  hóngtáng  ―  brown sugar
    糖水 [Cantonese]  ―  tong4 seoi2 [Jyutping]  ―  tong sui (literally, “sugar water”)
    無糖薄荷糖／无糖薄荷糖  ―  wútáng bóhétáng  ―  sugar-free peppermint candy
    糖放多了。  ―  Táng fàng duō le.  ―  Too much sugar is added.
  2. Short for 糖果 (tángguǒ). sweets; candy; lollies; confectionery (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 粒 c)
    棒棒糖  ―  bàngbàngtáng  ―  lollipop
    無糖薄荷糖／无糖薄荷糖  ―  wútáng bóhétáng  ―  sugar-free peppermint candy
    糖吃多了不好。  ―  Táng chī duō le bùhǎo.  ―  Eating too much candy is unhealthy.
    糖食得多冇益。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    tong4-2 sik6 dak1 do1 mou5 jik1. [Jyutping]
    Eating too much candy is unhealthy.
  3. (organic chemistry) saccharide; carbohydrate
    多糖  ―  duōtáng  ―  polysaccharide
    葡萄糖  ―  pútáotáng  ―  glucose
  4. † to preserve food in alcohol or alcohol dregs
  5. (Internet slang, figurative) loveable and likeable, cute
    撒糖  ―  sǎtáng  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  6. (transgender slang, figurative) HRT (hormone replacement therapy) drugs, especially pills
    吃糖  ―  chītáng  ―  to undergo HRT (literally, “to eat candy”)
    昨天糖被我爸媽發現了。 [MSC, trad.]
    昨天糖被我爸妈发现了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zuótiān táng bèi wǒ bàmā fāxiàn le. [Pinyin]
    Yesterday [my] HRT drugs were spotted by my parents.

Synonyms
  • (sweets):
Dialectal synonyms of 糖果 (“candy; sweets”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 糖果
Mandarin Beijing 糖果兒
Taiwan 糖果
Jinan 花糖
Nanning (Wuming) 糖, 糖果
Nanjing 糖果
Singapore 糖, 糖果
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 糖
Cantonese Guangzhou 糖
Hong Kong 糖
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 麻糖
Taishan 磨糖
Kaiping (Chikan) 麻糖
Dongguan 麻糖
Yangjiang 糖仔
Beihai 糖膠
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 糖膠
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 糖膠
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 糖膠
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 糖仔
Móng Cái 糖膠
Hakka Meixian 糖仔, 糖果
Yudu 糖子, 糖
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 糖仔, 甘糖
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 糖仔, 甘糖
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 糖仔, 甘糖
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 糖, 甘糖
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 糖仔, 甘糖
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 糖, 甘糖
Hong Kong 麻糖, 糖仔
Huizhou Jixi 糖
Eastern Min Fuzhou 糖
Matsu 金含
Southern Min Xiamen 糖仔
Quanzhou 糖仔
Taipei (Wanhua) 糖仔
Kaohsiung 糖仔
Yilan 糖仔
Changhua (Lukang) 糖仔
Taichung 糖仔
Taichung (Wuqi) 糖仔
Tainan 糖仔
Taitung 糖仔
Hsinchu 糖仔
Penghu (Magong) 金含仔
Penang (Hokkien) 紅毛糖
Singapore (Hokkien) 紅毛糖
Manila (Hokkien) 糖仔
Longyan 糖仔
Chaozhou 糖果
Shantou 糖果
Shantou (Chaoyang) 金含
Jieyang 金含, 糖
Singapore (Teochew) 紅毛糖, 糖
Leizhou 糖糕, 糖囝
Haikou 糖囝
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 麻糖
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 糖
Wu Suzhou 糖
Hangzhou 糖
Wenzhou 糖兒
Jinhua 紙包糖
Jinhua (Tangxi) 桔桔糖
Xiang Changsha 糖粒子

Compounds

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (糖):
  • → Japanese: 糖(とう) (tō)
  • → Korean: 당(糖) (dang)
  • → Vietnamese: đường (糖)

Others:

  • → Guiqiong: d’ɐŋ
  • → Macanese: tôm-tôm

References

Japanese
Shinjitai 糖
Kyūjitai
[1]
糖
&#xFA03;
or
糖+&#xFE00;?
糖󠄀
糖+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
糖󠄃
糖+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji
糖

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 糖)

Readings

Compounds
Compounds
Kanji in this term
糖
とう
Grade: 6
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 糖 (MC dang, “sugar”).

Pronunciation

Noun

糖(とう) • (tō) ←たう (tau)?

  1. (organic chemistry) sugar

References
  1. Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1635 (paper), page 869 (digital)
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 糖 (MC dang).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 糖 (eumhun 엿 당 (yeot dang))

  1. Hanja form? of 당 (“sugar”).

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 2

From Early Mandarin 糖 (táng).

Pronunciation

Hanja

糖 (eumhun 엿 탕 (yeot tang))

  1. Hanja form? of 탕 (“sugar”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

糖: Hán Nôm readings: đường

  1. chữ Hán form of đường (“sugar”).
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