高麗

From a shortening of 高句麗／高句丽 (Gāogōulí).

高麗

1. (historical) Goryeo
2. (historical) Synonym of 高句麗／高句丽 (Gāogōulí, “Goguryeo”)

   • 是歲，高麗王雲死，以世子安為其國王。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     是岁，高丽王云死，以世子安为其国王。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: Wei Shou, Book of Wei, 551 – 554 CE

     Shì suì, Gāolí wáng Yún sǐ, yǐ shìzǐ Ān wéi qí guówáng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 乙巳，以漢王諒為行軍元帥，水陸三十萬伐高麗。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     乙巳，以汉王谅为行军元帅，水陆三十万伐高丽。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Sui, 636 CE

     Yǐsì, yǐ Hàn Wáng Liàng wéi xíngjūn yuánshuài, shuǐlù sānshí wàn fá Gāolí. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 總章元年十月，司空李勣破高麗國，虜其王，下城百七十，戶六十九萬七千二百。二年，徙高麗民三萬，配江淮以南、山南、京西。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     总章元年十月，司空李𪟝破高丽国，虏其王，下城百七十，户六十九万七千二百。二年，徙高丽民三万，配江淮以南、山南、京西。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: Du You, Tongdian, 766 – 801 CE

     Zǒngzhāng yuán nián shí yuè, sīkōng Lǐ Jì pò Gāolí guó, lǔ qí wáng, xià chéng bǎi qīshí, hù liùshíjiǔ wàn qī qiān èrbǎi. Èr nián, xǐ Gāolí mín sān wàn, pèi Jiānghuái yǐnán, Shānnán, jīng xī. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

3. (historical or in compounds) Korea

   高麗參／高丽参  ―  gāolíshēn  ―  Korean ginseng

Others:

• → Dutch: Korea
• → English: Korea, Gaoli, Kao-li
  • → Welsh: Corea
• → French: Corée
• → German: Korea
• → Italian: Corea
• → Lao: ເກົາຫຼີ (kao lī, “Korea”)
• → New Latin: Corea
• → Portuguese: Coreia
• → Russian: Коре́я (Koréja)
• → Spanish: Corea
• → Thai: เกาหลี (gao-lǐi, “Korea”)

高麗

1. (Southern Min) Korean ginseng

• 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “高麗”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎ (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
• “Entry #6924”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

From Dutch kool.

高麗

1. (Teochew) cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)

高麗

1. (literary) noble and splendid

⟨ko₂ma⟩ → */koma/ → /koma/

From Old Japanese. As phonetic evidence, appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[1]

May be a Baekje ethnonym. Alternatively, may be a Goguryeo word or name, considering the history of the Koma clan, immigrants to Japan from the fall of the Goguryeo kingdom in the latter half of the 600s.

• (Tokyo) こ​ま [kóꜜmà] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ma̠]

高麗(こま) • (koma-) 

1. [from 759] indicates something that was originally imported via the Korean Peninsula

高麗(こま) • (Koma) 

1. [from 759] (historical) the Goguryeo kingdom, located on the Korean Peninsula 37 BCE–668 CE
2. [from 759] (archaic) Korea, the Korean Peninsula (used more commonly in compounds than as a standalone term)
3. [from 759] (historical) a county in Saitama Prefecture (originally settled in the mid-600s CE by immigrants from the Korean Peninsula; abolished as an administrative entity in 1896)

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 高麗. Cognate with modern Korean 고려 (goryeo) and English Korea.

Appeared at least late 10th century with this reading, attested in the Utsubo Monogatari, c. 970-999.

• (Tokyo) こーらい [kòóráí] (Heiban – [0])[3]
• (Tokyo) こ​ーらい [kóꜜòràì] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ːɾa̠i]

高(こう)麗(らい) • (kōrai) ^{←かうらい (kaurai)?}

1. Synonym of 高麗錦 (koma nishiki /⁠こまにしき⁠/)
   • c. 970‐99, Utsubo Monogatari:

     かうらいのあげばり十一間(じふいちけん)を、鱗(いろこ)の如(ごと)く打(う)ちたり

     kōrai no agebari jūichi ken o, iroko no gotoku uchitari

     There is a temporary pavilion of 11 ken (about 20 m) long made of Korean brocade, which is driven like scales.

2. Short for 高麗縁 (kōrai beri).
3. Short for 高麗焼 (kōtai yaki).
4. Synonym of 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi, “maize, corn”)

高(こう)麗(らい) • (Kōrai) ^{←かうらい (kaurai)?}

1. [from late 10c.] (historical) the Goryeo kingdom, located on the Korean Peninsula 918–1392 CE
2. the Goguryeo kingdom; or generally a synonym of 朝鮮 (chōsen, “Korea”).

高麗 • (goryeo) (hangeul 고려)

1. Hanja form^? of 고려 (“Goryeo”).

高(こー)麗(れー) (Kōrē) 

1. Goryeo
2. Korea

   Synonym: 韓国 (Kwankuku), 朝鮮 (Chōshin)

高麗

1. chữ Hán form of Cao Li (“Goryeo”).