農

See also: 农 and 莀
農 U+8FB2, 農
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8FB2
← 辱
[U+8FB1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 辳 →
[U+8FB3]

Translingual

Han character

農 (Kangxi radical 161, 辰+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿田一一女 (TWMMV), four-corner 55232, composition ⿱曲辰)

Derived characters

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1252, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38688
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1733, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3607, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+8FB2

Chinese
trad. 農
simp. 农
alternative forms 辳／农

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 農
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (農) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嶩 *nuː
噥 *rnuːŋ, *nuːŋ
鬞 *rnuːŋ, *noŋ
擃 *rnuːŋʔ
齈 *noːŋs
癑 *noːŋs
農 *nuːŋ
辳 *nuːŋ
憹 *nuːŋ
膿 *nuːŋ
儂 *nuːŋ
濃 *noŋ
醲 *noŋ
襛 *noŋ, *njoŋ
穠 *noŋ, *njoŋ
檂 *noŋ

In its current form, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 曲 + 辰 (“field”). Top unrelated to 曲, and previously two hands, one on either side of a bundle 田 – a farmer bringing goods to market, from the field 辰.

Etymology

Probably Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with 耨 (OC *noːɡs, *nuːɡ, “hoe, rake; to weed”), possibly derived from it with the terminative suffix *-ŋ for action with a goal, i.e. "to get a field hoed" > "cultivated"; compare 亡 (OC *maŋ, “to disappear”) from 無 (OC *ma, “(there is) no”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Huang (2000), Norman (1983) and Zhou (1986) hypothesised that this is the same etymon as 儂 (OC *nuːŋ, “person, I, me”). See there for more.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • lâng - vernacular;
  • lông - literary.
    • Wu
      • (Shanghai):
        • Wugniu: 6non
        • MiniDict: non去
        • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3non
        • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /noŋ²³/
    • Xiang
      • (Changsha)
        • Wiktionary: long2
        • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /l̃ʊŋ¹³/
        • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /lən¹³/
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 農
Mandarin Beijing /nuŋ³⁵/
Harbin /nəŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /nu⁴⁵/
/nuŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /nuŋ⁴²/
/nu⁴²/
Qingdao /nu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /nuŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /luŋ²⁴/
Xining /luə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /nuŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /lũn⁵³/
Ürümqi /luŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /noŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /noŋ³¹/
Guiyang /noŋ²¹/
Kunming /noŋ³¹/
Nanjing /loŋ²⁴/
Hefei /ləŋ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /nəŋ¹¹/
/nuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /nəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /nə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /noŋ²³/
Suzhou /noŋ¹³/
Hangzhou /noŋ²¹³/
/ȵioŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /noŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /lʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /lin¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /loŋ¹³/
Xiangtan /nən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /luŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /nuŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /nuŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /noŋ²¹/
Nanning /nuŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /nuŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lɔŋ³⁵/
/laŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /nuŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /nɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /loŋ⁵⁵/
/naŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /noŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 農
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 冬 (5)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 奴冬切
Baxter nowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /nuoŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /nuoŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /noŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /nawŋ/
Li
Rong		 /noŋ/
Wang
Li		 /nuoŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /nuoŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 nóng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 nung4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 農
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 nóng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ nowng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*nˁ[o]ŋ/
English agriculture; to farm

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 農
Reading # 1/1
No. 9571
Phonetic
component		 農
Rime
group		 終
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 農
Old
Chinese		 /*nuːŋ/
Notes 金文從田不從囟

Definitions

農

  1. to cultivate; to farm
  2. land cultivation; farming; agriculture
  3. farmer; grower
    菜農／菜农  ―  càinóng  ―  vegetable farmer
  4. (Catholicism) Nun
  5. a surname

Synonyms
  • (farmer):
Dialectal synonyms of 農民 (“farmer; peasant”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 農, 農民, 農人, 農夫
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 農民, 農人, 莊戶人
Mandarin Beijing 農民, 莊稼漢兒 male, 莊稼漢子 male
Taiwan 農夫, 農民, 農人
Langfang 農民
Tangshan 莊稼人
Cangzhou 種地的
Baoding 莊稼人
Shijiazhuang 莊稼人
Daming 種地嘞
Ulanhot 莊稼人
Tongliao 老農, 種地的
Chifeng 莊稼漢
Bayanhot 種田的, 莊稼漢
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 老農, 種地的
Harbin 農民, 莊稼人, 莊稼漢 male, 莊稼佬兒 derogatory
Yantai (Muping) 農民, 莊稼人, 莊戶孫, 老農 honorific or humorous, 莊稼霸子 derogatory
Qingdao 莊戶人
Jinan 農民, 農哥兒們, 農哥們兒, 農哥兒們兒
Luoyang 農民, 莊稼人, 莊稼漢, 種地的
Wanrong 莊稼戶, 做莊稼的, 農民
Zhengzhou 莊稼人
Xi'an 做莊稼的, 莊稼人, 農民
Yinchuan 莊戶, 莊稼漢, 農人 dated
Lanzhou 莊稼人
Xining 莊稼人
Ürümqi 農民
Wuhan 農民, 農人, 種田的
Chengdu 農民, 農村人, 鄉下人, 鄉巴佬兒 derogatory, 鄉巴佬 derogatory, 鄉廣廣 derogatory, 老坎 derogatory, 黃泥巴腳桿 derogatory, 泥巴腳桿 derogatory, 彎腳桿 derogatory, 農二哥 derogatory, 欒二哥 dated, derogatory, 圞二 dated, derogatory, 欒豁皮 dated, derogatory, 欒豁 dated, derogatory, 老欒 dated, derogatory, 欒民 dated, derogatory
Guiyang 農人
Guilin 農民
Liuzhou 種田的, 農民, 農民佬
Xuzhou 種地的, 莊戶人
Yangzhou 種田的, 二哥哥, 捧牛屁股的 dated, derogatory
Nanjing 種田的, 農民
Nantong 種田哩
Malaysia 農夫
Singapore 農夫
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 戶家
Dagudi (Maliba) 農民
Reshuitang (Longling) 農民
Mae Salong (Lancang) 農民
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 農民
Cantonese Guangzhou 農民, 耕田佬, 㩧佬 derogatory
Hong Kong 農夫, 農民, 農人 dated, 耕田佬, 㩧佬 dated, derogatory
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 耕田佬
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 耕田佬
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 耕田佬
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 耕田佬
Macau 農民
Guangzhou (Panyu) 農民, 耕田佬
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 農民, 耕田佬
Guangzhou (Conghua) 耕田佬
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 農民, 耕田佬
Foshan 農民, 耕田佬
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 農民, 耕田佬
Foshan (Shunde) 農民
Foshan (Sanshui) 農民, 耕田佬
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 耕田佬
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 農民
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 農民
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 耕田佬
Zhuhai (Doumen) 耕田佬
Jiangmen (Baisha) 耕田佬
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 耕田佬
Taishan 農民
Kaiping (Chikan) 農民
Enping (Niujiang) 農民, 耕田佬
Heshan (Yayao) 耕田佬
Dongguan 農民, 耕田佬
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 耕田佬
Shaoguan 農民
Yunfu 耕田佬, 撚泥頭
Xinyi 耕田佬
Lianjiang 農民, 㩧佬, 耕田佬
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 耕田佬
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 耕田佬
Gan Nanchang 作田個
Lichuan 作田個
Pingxiang 作田人, 農民
Hakka Meixian 耕田佬, 耕田儕
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 農民, 耕田阿哥
Dongguan (Qingxi) 農民, 耕田佬
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 農民, 耕田佬
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 耕田佬
Heyuan (Bendihua) 㩧佬
Wengyuan 耕田佬
Liannan 耕田佬
Conghua (Lütian) 農民
Jiexi 耕田人
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 做田人
Changting 做田人
Wuping 作田儕
Wuping (Yanqian) 做事個
Ninghua 做田個
Yudu 作田佬
Ningdu 作田個
Tonggu (Sandu) 作田個
Ganzhou (Panlong) 作田個
Dayu 作田佬
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 耕田人, 耕種人, 耕田儕, 農民, 農家人
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 耕田人, 耕種人, 農民, 農民仔, 農家人
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 耕田人, 耕種人, 農民, 農家人
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 耕田人, 耕種人, 耕田個, 農民, 農家人
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 耕田人, 耕種人, 農民, 農家人
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 作穡人, 農民, 農家人
Hong Kong 耕田佬
Yangxi (Tangkou) 做田佬
Yangchun (Sanjia) 耕田佬
Xinyi (Sihe) 耕田佬
Xinyi (Qianpai) 耕田佬
Gaozhou (Xindong) 耕田佬
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 耕田佬
Huazhou (Xin'an) 耕田佬
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 耕田佬
Lianjiang (Qingping) 耕田佬
Mengshan (Xihe) 種田佬
Luchuan 種田佬
Sabah (Longchuan) 農人, 耕田佬
Senai (Huiyang) 耕田佬
Huizhou Jixi 農民, 種田仂, 務農佬 derogatory, 務農坯 derogatory
Jin Taiyuan 莊稼人, 農民, 受苦人 self-appellation
Xinzhou 農業上哩, 受苦人 dated, 莊戶人 dated, 黑脊背 dated
Taibus (Baochang) 莊戶人
Linhe 莊戶人
Jining 莊戶人
Hohhot 莊戶人
Baotou 莊戶人
Dongsheng 莊戶人
Haibowan 莊稼漢
Zhangjiakou 莊戶人
Handan 莊稼人
Northern Min Jian'ou 打粗人, 打塍人
Eastern Min Fuzhou 農民, 做塍其, 做塍儂
Fuqing 做塍其儂, 農民
Matsu 做塍儂
Southern Min Xiamen 作塍儂, 作穡儂, 農民, 農哥 slightly derogatory or humble
Quanzhou 作塍儂, 作穡儂, 農民, 農哥 slightly derogatory or humble
Jinjiang 作塍儂, 作穡儂
Yongchun 作塍儂
Zhangzhou 作塍儂, 農民, 農哥 slightly derogatory or humble
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 作塍儂
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 作塍儂
Hua'an 作塍儂
Pinghe 作塍儂
Zhangpu 作塍儂
Dongshan 作穡儂, 農民
Taipei 做穡的
New Taipei (Sanxia) 作塍儂
Kaohsiung 作穡的, 作穡儂
Yilan 作穡的, 作園的, 作塍儂
Changhua (Lukang) 作穡的, 作園的, 作塍儂
Taichung 作穡儂, 作塍儂
Taichung (Wuqi) 作穡儂
Tainan 作穡的, 作園的, 作穡儂
Taitung 作穡儂
Hsinchu 作穡儂
Penghu (Magong) 做穡的, 做山的
Penang (Hokkien) 種塍的儂
Singapore (Hokkien) 作巴的, 作塍的
Manila (Hokkien) 作塍儂
Longyan 作穡儂
Zhangping (Yongfu) 做塍儂
Shantou 作塍儂
Jieyang 作塍儂
Bangkok (Teochew) 作塍儂
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 作塍儂
Haikou 做百姓個, 做農個, 農民, 做塍爹 male, 做塍姩 female
Puxian Min Putian 農夫
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 農民
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 農民
Shehua Fu'an 做田人
Fuding 做田人
Luoyuan 做田人
Shunchang 做田人
Hua'an 做田人
Guixi (Zhangping) 做田人
Cangnan 做田人
Jingning 做田人
Lishui 做田人
Longyou 做田人
Chaozhou 做田人
Fengshun 做田人
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 老百姓
Wu Shanghai 種田個, 農民
Shanghai (Chongming) 種田地人, 種田人
Suzhou 農民, 鄉下人, 種田個
Danyang 農民, 種田人
Hangzhou 農民
Ningbo 種田人
Wenzhou 種田人
Jinhua 種田地個, 種田個, 農民
Jinhua (Tangxi) 種田儂
Xiang Changsha 農民, 作田的
Loudi 作田個
  • (Nun): (Protestantism) 嫩 (nèn)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji
農

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. agriculture, farming

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
農
のう
Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 農 (nowng, “agriculture, farming”).

Pronunciation

Noun

農(のう) • (nō) 

  1. agriculture, farming
  2. a farmer

Usage notes

For the farmer sense, the terms 農家 (nōka) or 農夫 (nōfu, “male farmer”) or 農婦 (nōfu, “female farmer”) may be used more often.

Derived terms
Derived terms

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 農 (MC nowng).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 農 (eumhun 농사 농 (nongsa nong))

  1. Hanja form? of 농 (“agriculture”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

農: Hán Nôm readings: nông, nong, nôn, núng

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