膿

See also: 脓

膿	U+81BF, 膿 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81BF

← 膾
[U+81BE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

臀 →
[U+81C0]

Translingual

Han character

膿 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 月廿田女 (BTWV), four-corner 7523₂, composition ⿰⺼農)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 996, character 4

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29938

Dae Jaweon: page 1447, character 4

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2116, character 7

Unihan data for U+81BF

Chinese

trad.		膿
simp.		脓

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (農) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
嶩	*nuː
噥	rnuːŋ, nuːŋ
鬞	rnuːŋ, noŋ
擃	*rnuːŋʔ
齈	*noːŋs
癑	*noːŋs
農	*nuːŋ
辳	*nuːŋ
憹	*nuːŋ
膿	*nuːŋ
儂	*nuːŋ
濃	*noŋ
醲	*noŋ
襛	noŋ, njoŋ
穠	noŋ, njoŋ
檂	*noŋ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): nóng (nong²)

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): nung⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): nùng

(Meixian, Guangdong): nung²
Eastern Min (BUC): nè̤ng / nùng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lông / lâng

(Teochew, Peng'im): long⁵ / lang⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶non

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: nóng
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: nóng
  - Wade–Giles: nung²
  - Yale: núng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nong
  - Palladius: нун (nun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʊŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: nung⁴
  - Yale: nùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: nung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: nung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʊŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: nungˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: nung²
  - Sinological IPA: /nuŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: nung²
  - Sinological IPA: /nʊŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nè̤ng / nùng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡøyŋ⁵³/, /nˡuŋ⁵³/

Note:

nè̤ng - vernacular;
nùng - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lông / lâng
  - Tâi-lô: lông / lâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: loong, laang
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lɔŋ²⁴/, /laŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔŋ²⁴/, /laŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ¹³/, /laŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lɔŋ²⁴/, /laŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ²³/, /laŋ²³/

Note:

lông - literary;
lâng - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: long⁵ / lang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lông / lâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /loŋ⁵⁵/, /laŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

long5 - literary;
lang5 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶non
  - MiniDict: non^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³non
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /noŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: nowng

Rime
Character	膿
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	奴冬切
Baxter	nowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nuoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/nuoŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/noŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nawŋ/
Li Rong	/noŋ/
Wang Li	/nuoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/nuoŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nung⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.nˤuŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*nuːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	膿
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nóng
Middle Chinese	‹ nowng ›
Old Chinese	/*C.nˁuŋ/
English	pus
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膿
Reading #	1/1
No.	9575
Phonetic component	農
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	農
Old Chinese	/*nuːŋ/

Definitions

膿

pus
- 留意感染的徵兆，比如發燒、發紅、腫脹、灼熱、疼痛加劇、流膿或割傷部位周圍有紅色條紋等。 [MSC, trad.]
  留意感染的征兆，比如发烧、发红、肿胀、灼热、疼痛加剧、流脓或割伤部位周围有红色条纹等。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 急救基本知识, Qingdao United Family Hospital (青岛和睦家医院)
  Liúyì gǎnrǎn de zhēngzhào, bǐrú fāshāo, fāhóng, zhǒngzhàng, zhuórè, téngtòng jiājù, liú nóng huò gēshāng bùwèi zhōuwéi yǒu hóngsè tiáowén děng. [Pinyin]
  Watch for signs of infection, which are fever, redness, swelling, warmth, increasing pain, pus, or red streaks around the cut area etc.

Compounds

信口捏膿／信口捏脓
化膿／化脓 (huànóng)
捏膿／捏脓
灌膿／灌脓
煨膿／煨脓
膿包／脓包 (nóngbāo)
膿包貨／脓包货
膿團／脓团
膿毒病／脓毒病
膿泡／脓泡
膿痂疹／脓痂疹
膿疱病
膿皰／脓疱 (nóngpào)
膿胸／脓胸 (nóngxiōng)
膿腫／脓肿 (nóngzhǒng)
膿血／脓血
膿血債／脓血债
貢膿／贡脓
軟膿包／软脓包

Descendants

→ Proto-Katuic: *pnuŋ (“pus”)
→ Proto-Tai: *ʰnoːŋᴬ (“pus”)
- Thai: หนอง (nɔ̌ɔng)

Japanese

Kanji

膿

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: の (no); のう (nō)
Kan-on: どう (dō)
Kun: うむ (umu, 膿む); うみ (umi, 膿)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
膿
うみ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

⟨umi₁⟩ → */umʲi/ → /umi/

Possibly from Old Japanese.

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 膿む (umu, “to fester”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) うみ [ùmíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1][2][3]
IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ᵝmʲi]

Noun

膿(うみ) • (umi)

pus

Derived terms

膿(うみ)汁(しる) (umishiru)
膿(うみ)吸(す)い石(いし) (umisui-ishi)
膿(うみ)血(ち) (umichi)
血(ち)膿(うみ) (chiumi)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
膿
のう Hyōgaiji
goon

From Middle Chinese 膿 (MC nowng).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) のー [nóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2][3]
IPA^(key): [no̞ː]

Affix

膿(のう) • (nō)

(medicine) pus

Derived terms

膿(のう)痂(か)疹(しん) (nōkashin)
膿(のう)胸(きょう) (nōkyō)
膿(のう)血(けつ) (nōketsu)
膿(のう)腫(しゅ) (nōshu)
膿(のう)汁(じゅう) (nōjū)
膿(のう)毒(どく)症(しょう) (nōdoku-shō)
膿(のう)尿(にょう) (nōnyō)
膿(のう)皮(ひ)症(しょう) (nōhi-shō)
膿(のう)疱(ほう) (nōhō)
膿(のう)盆(ぼん) (nōbon)
膿(のう)瘍(よう) (nōyō)
膿(のう)漏(ろう) (nōrō)
化(か)膿(のう) (kanō)
排(はい)膿(のう) (hainō)

Noun

膿(のう) • (nō)

(medicine) pus

References

Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

膿 (eumhun 고름 농 (goreum nong))

Hanja form^? of 농 (“pus”).

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[SMK7-1] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN