滅
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Translingual
Stroke order | |||
Japan![]() (Swap strokes 5 and 4 for Chinese; additionally, swap strokes 13 and 12 for Taiwan.) |
Han character
滅 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水戈竹火 (EIHF), four-corner 33150, composition ⿰氵烕)
Derived characters
- 𢷄, 𤄌
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 642, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18008
- Dae Jaweon: page 1049, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1696, character 9
- Unihan data for U+6EC5
Chinese
trad. | 滅 | |
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simp. | 灭 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 滅 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *med) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 烕 (OC *hmed) – to destroy with water (extinguish, flood).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-miːt (“to extinguish; to shut abruptly; to wink; to blink; to die”). Matisoff compares Burmese မှိတ် (hmit, “(of eyes) to close; (of light) to put out, to switch off”) and possibly Tibetan མེད (med, “to not exist”). Cognate Chinese characters include:
The Old Chinese *e ~ Proto-Tibeto-Burman *i vowel discrepancy may be explained by a reanalysis of the proto-etymon in Chinese, as derived from 隳 (OC *hmai, “to destroy”) + suffix *-t (Schuessler, 2009), although 隳 is reconstructed in the Baxter-Sagart and Zhengzhang systems as having an *l-like initial. The direct Chinese comparandum of Proto-Tibeto-Burman *mit may be 沒 (OC *mɯːd, “to disappear; to die; to perish in water”) (ibid.).
Pronunciation
Definitions
滅
Synonyms
- (to extinguish):
Compounds
- 一滅行/一灭行
- 七滅諍法/七灭诤法
- 不可磨滅/不可磨灭 (bùkěmómiè)
- 不滅/不灭 (bùmiè)
- 不滅性/不灭性
- 不生不滅/不生不灭
- 以公滅私/以公灭私
- 俱滅/俱灭
- 假途滅虢/假途灭虢
- 全軍覆滅/全军覆灭 (quánjūnfùmò)
- 前功盡滅/前功尽灭
- 剗滅/刬灭
- 剿滅 (jiǎomiè)
- 劘滅/劘灭
- 勦滅/剿灭 (jiǎomiè)
- 吞滅/吞灭
- 埃滅/埃灭
- 堙滅/堙灭
- 大義滅親/大义灭亲 (dàyìmièqīn)
- 天誅地滅/天诛地灭
- 失滅/失灭
- 夷滅/夷灭
- 寂滅/寂灭
- 寖微寖滅/寖微寖灭
- 屠滅/屠灭
- 崩滅/崩灭
- 幻滅/幻灭 (huànmiè)
- 徇公滅私/徇公灭私
- 忽明忽滅/忽明忽灭
- 息滅/息灭
- 懷刺漫滅/怀刺漫灭
- 打滅/打灭
- 抹滅/抹灭
- 摩滅/摩灭
- 撲滅/扑灭 (pūmiè)
- 擊滅/击灭
- 明滅/明灭
- 朝榮夕滅/朝荣夕灭
- 柴毀滅性/柴毁灭性
- 欺師滅祖/欺师灭祖 (qīshīmièzǔ)
- 殄滅/殄灭 (tiǎnmiè)
- 殞身滅命/殒身灭命
- 殲滅/歼灭 (jiānmiè)
- 殲滅戰/歼灭战 (jiānmièzhàn)
- 殺人滅口/杀人灭口 (shārénmièkǒu)
- 殺人滅跡/杀人灭迹
- 毀不滅性/毁不灭性
- 毀屍滅跡/毁尸灭迹 (huǐshīmièjì)
- 毀形滅性/毁形灭性
- 毀滅/毁灭 (huǐmiè)
- 永不磨滅/永不磨灭 (yǒngbùmómiè)
- 泯滅/泯灭 (mǐnmiè)
- 消滅/消灭 (xiāomiè)
- 消滅時效/消灭时效
- 消滅殆盡/消灭殆尽
- 消滅淨盡/消灭净尽
- 消聲滅跡/消声灭迹
- 淹滅/淹灭
- 湮滅/湮灭 (yānmiè)
- 滅不個/灭不个
- 滅亡/灭亡 (mièwáng)
- 滅典/灭典
- 滅口/灭口 (mièkǒu)
- 滅國弒君/灭国弑君 (mièguóshìjūn)
- 滅度/灭度 (mièdù)
- 滅性/灭性
- 滅族/灭族 (mièzú)
- 滅族之禍/灭族之祸 (mièzú zhī huò)
- 滅景/灭景
- 滅此朝食/灭此朝食 (miècǐzhāoshí)
- 滅沒/灭没
- 滅火/灭火 (mièhuǒ)
- 滅火器/灭火器 (mièhuǒqì)
- 滅火彈/灭火弹
- 滅火沙/灭火沙
- 滅盡/灭尽
- 滅相/灭相
- 滅私奉公/灭私奉公
- 滅種/灭种 (mièzhǒng)
- 滅紀/灭纪
- 滅絕/灭绝 (mièjué)
- 滅絕人性/灭绝人性
- 滅罪修因/灭罪修因
- 滅良心/灭良心
- 滅茬/灭茬
- 滅菌/灭菌 (mièjūn)
- 滅裂/灭裂 (mièliè)
- 滅趾/灭趾
- 滅跡/灭迹 (mièjì)
- 滅門/灭门 (mièmén)
- 滅門之禍/灭门之祸
- 滅門絕戶/灭门绝户
- 滅門血案/灭门血案
- 滅音器/灭音器
- 滅頂/灭顶 (mièdǐng)
- 滅頂之災/灭顶之灾 (mièdǐngzhīzāi)
- 漫滅/漫灭
- 澌滅/澌灭
- 潰滅/溃灭 (kuìmiè)
- 濤生雲滅/涛生云灭
- 火滅煙消/火灭烟消
- 灰滅/灰灭
- 灰飛煙滅/灰飞烟灭 (huīfēiyānmiè)
- 烹滅/烹灭
- 煙消火滅/烟消火灭
- 熄滅/熄灭 (xīmiè)
- 相滅相生/相灭相生
- 破滅/破灭 (pòmiè)
- 磨滅/磨灭 (mómiè)
- 磨踵滅頂/磨踵灭顶
- 萬古不滅/万古不灭
- 絕滅/绝灭 (juémiè)
- 翦滅/翦灭 (jiǎnmiè)
- 翳滅/翳灭
- 自取滅亡/自取灭亡 (zìqǔmièwáng)
- 自生自滅/自生自灭 (zìshēngzìmiè)
- 興滅繼絕/兴灭继绝
- 興滅舉廢/兴灭举废
- 虢滅虞亡/虢灭虞亡
- 覆宗滅祀/覆宗灭祀
- 覆滅/覆灭 (fùmiè)
- 誅滅/诛灭 (zhūmiè)
- 變滅/变灭
- 身名俱滅/身名俱灭
- 輻射滅菌/辐射灭菌
- 長生不滅/长生不灭
- 隕滅/陨灭 (yǔnmiè)
- 韜光滅跡/韬光灭迹
- 鹵莽滅裂/卤莽灭裂 (lǔmǎngmièliè)
Japanese
Readings
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 滅 (MC mjiet).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mjʌ̹ɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [멸]
Compounds
- 괴멸 (壞滅, goemyeol, “annihilation, destruction”)
- 궤멸 (潰滅, gwemyeol, “annihilation, destruction”)
- 파멸 (破滅, pamyeol, “ruin; destruction”)
- 환멸 (幻滅/還滅, hwanmyeol, “disillusionment”)
- 인멸 (湮滅, inmyeol, “destruction”)
- 소멸 (消滅, somyeol, “elimination; annihilation”)
- 섬멸 (殲滅, seommyeol, “annihilation, eradication, extermination”)
- 사멸 (死滅, samyeol, “dying out”)
- 불멸 (不滅, bulmyeol, “immortality”)
- 박멸 (撲滅, bangmyeol, “eradication”)
- 멸망 (滅亡, myeolmang, “extinction”)
- 멸균 (滅菌, myeolgyun, “sterilisation”)
- 멸공 (滅共, myeolgong, “eradication of communism”)
- 멸살 (滅殺, myeolsal, “eradication”)
- 전멸 (全滅, jeonmyeol, “annihilation; extermination”)
- 생멸 (生滅, saengmyeol, “life and death”)