磨滅

Chinese

		grindstone; to sharpen; to delay grindstone; to sharpen; to delay; hardship; to grind; to rub	extinguish
trad. (磨滅)		磨	滅
simp. (磨灭)		磨	灭

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mómiè

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ ㄇㄧㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mo⁴ mit⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bôa-bia̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): bhua⁵ mig⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mómiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ ㄇㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mómiè
  - Wade–Giles: mo²-mieh⁴
  - Yale: mwó-myè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: momieh
  - Palladius: моме (mome)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵ mi̯ɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mo⁴ mit⁶
  - Yale: mòh miht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mo⁴ mit⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: mo⁴ mid⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔː²¹ miːt̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bôa-bia̍t
  - Tâi-lô: buâ-bia̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boa'biat
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bua²⁴⁻²² biɛt̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bua²⁴⁻²² biɛt̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bua¹³⁻²² biɛt̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bua²⁴⁻¹¹ biɛt̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bua²³⁻³³ biɛt̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bhua⁵ mig⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: buâ mi̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /bua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mik̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: ma mjiet

Rime
Character	磨	滅
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)	仙 (81)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	莫婆切	亡列切
Baxter	ma	mjiet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muɑ/	/miᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/muɑ/	/miɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/muɑ/	/mjæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwa/	/miat̚/
Li Rong	/muɑ/	/miɛt̚/
Wang Li	/muɑ/	/mĭɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/muɑ/	/mi̯ɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mó	miè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mo⁴	mit⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤaj [m]et/

(Zhengzhang): /*maːl med/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	磨	滅
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mó	miè
Middle Chinese	‹ ma ›	‹ mjiet ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁaj/	/*[m]et/
English	rub, grind	destroy
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	磨	滅
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	8706	13942
Phonetic component	麻	戌
Rime group	歌	月
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	摩	滅
Old Chinese	/*maːl/	/*med/
Notes		烕轉註

Verb

磨滅

to blot out; to refuse to recognize
- 古者富貴而名磨滅，不可勝記，唯倜儻非常之人稱焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  古者富贵而名磨灭，不可胜记，唯倜傥非常之人称焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 1st century BCE, Sima Qian, Letter to Ren An. Translated by Burton Watson.
  Gǔ zhě fùguì ér míng mómiè, bùkě shēngjì, wéi tìtǎng fēicháng zhī rén chēng yān. [Pinyin]
  Too numerous to record are the men of ancient times who were rich and noble and whose name have yet vanished away. It is only those who were masterful and sure, the truly extraordinary ones, who are still remembered.

Derived terms

不可磨滅／不可磨灭 (bùkěmómiè)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
磨	滅
ま Grade: S	めつ Grade: S
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
摩滅

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) まめつ [màmétsú] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ma̠me̞t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

磨(ま)滅(めつ) • (mametsu)

wear, abrasion, being worn down, being worn away

Verb

磨(ま)滅(めつ)する • (mametsu suru) intransitive suru (stem 磨(ま)滅(めつ)し (mametsu shi), past 磨(ま)滅(めつ)した (mametsu shita))

to wear, to be worn down, to be worn away
Synonyms: 磨り減る (suriheru), 磨耗する (mamō suru)
- 1949, 野村胡堂, 古城の真昼‎, 青空文庫:
  
  ぐるりと十(じゅう)二(に)人(にん)、六(ろく)七(しち)尺(しゃく)の自(し)然(ぜん)石(せき)の碑(いしぶみ)を取(とり)巻(ま)いて、ためつすかしつしますが、風(ふう)雨(う)に磨(ま)滅(めつ)した上(うえ)、散(さん)々(ざん)に苔蒸(こけむ)してどう見(けん)当(とう)をつけても読(よ)み下(くだ)せません。
  Gururi to jūni-nin, roku-shichi-shaku no shizenseki no ishibumi o torimaite, tametsu sukashitsu shimasu ga, fūu ni mametsu shita ue, sanzan ni kokemushite dō kentō o tsukete mo yomikudasemasen.
  The twelve surrounded the six-or-seven-shaku-tall monument made of natural stone and examined it closely from all angles, but it had been worn down by the elements and was completely covered in moss, so they could not read it however hard they tried.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "磨滅する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	磨滅し	まめつし	mametsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	磨滅し	まめつし	mametsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	磨滅する	まめつする	mametsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	磨滅する	まめつする	mametsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	磨滅すれ	まめつすれ	mametsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	磨滅せよ¹ 磨滅しろ²	まめつせよ¹ まめつしろ²	mametsu seyo¹ mametsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	磨滅される	まめつされる	mametsu sareru
Causative	磨滅させる磨滅さす	まめつさせるまめつさす	mametsu saseru mametsu sasu
Potential	磨滅できる	まめつできる	mametsu dekiru
Volitional	磨滅しよう	まめつしよう	mametsu shiyō
Negative	磨滅しない	まめつしない	mametsu shinai
Negative continuative	磨滅せず	まめつせず	mametsu sezu
Formal	磨滅します	まめつします	mametsu shimasu
Perfective	磨滅した	まめつした	mametsu shita
Conjunctive	磨滅して	まめつして	mametsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	磨滅すれば	まめつすれば	mametsu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

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