冤

See also: 寃

冤	U+51A4, 冤 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51A4

← 冣
[U+51A3]

CJK Unified Ideographs

冥 →
[U+51A5]

冤	U+2F818, 冤 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F818

← 冗
[U+2F817]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

仌 →
[U+2F819]

Translingual

Han character

冤 (Kangxi radical 14, 冖+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月弓日戈 (BNAI) or 月弓山戈 (BNUI), four-corner 3741₃, composition ⿱冖兔)

Derived characters

𣍍蒬

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 130, character 27
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1587
Dae Jaweon: page 293, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 305, character 1
Unihan data for U+51A4
Unihan data for U+2F818

Chinese

simp. and trad.		冤
alternative forms		寃𡨚𠕤𡨘惌

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冤
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (冤) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
冤	*qon
蒬	*qon

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冖 (“cover”) + 兔 (“rabbit”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yuān (yuan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄢ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yuan¹
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jyun¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yon¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yên / yân

(Meixian, Guangdong): yan¹
Northern Min (KCR): ṳ́ing
Eastern Min (BUC): uŏng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): oan / un

(Teochew, Peng'im): uêng¹ / uang¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹ioe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuān
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuan
  - Wade–Giles: yüan¹
  - Yale: ywān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iuan
  - Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yuan¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yan⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyun¹
  - Yale: yūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yon¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jᵘɔn³³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yên
  - Hakka Romanization System: ien´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yân
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ian⁴⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳ́ing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yiŋ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: uŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uoŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oan
  - Tâi-lô: uan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oafn
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /uan³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /uan⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: un
  - Tâi-lô: un
  - Phofsit Daibuun: wn
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /un³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /un⁴⁴/

Note:

oan - literary (to argue);
un - vernacular (limited, e.g. 冤屈).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: uêng¹ / uang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ueng / uang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ueŋ³³/, /uaŋ³³/

Note:

uêng1 - Chaozhou;
uang1 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chenghai, Chaoyang.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹ioe
  - MiniDict: ioe^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹yoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /yø⁵³/

Middle Chinese: 'jwon

Rime
Character	冤
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於袁切
Baxter	'jwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuan/
Li Rong	/ʔiuɐn/
Wang Li	/ĭwɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qon/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冤
Reading #	1/1
No.	16094
Phonetic component	冤
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	鴛
Old Chinese	/*qon/
Notes	後或作寃

Definitions

冤

to wrong; to treat unjustly
not cost-effective
(literary, or in compounds) grievance; unjust
(literary, or in compounds) enmity; hatred
(Cantonese) to pester; to bother; to annoy
- 2023, 7m25s from the start, in 笑满岭南七十载：专访第三届广东文艺终身成就奖获得者黄俊英‎:
  
  跟住係唔係就冤住爸爸媽媽話我真係想學粵劇呀噉樣？ [Cantonese, trad.]
  跟住系唔系就冤住爸爸妈妈话我真系想学粤剧呀噉样？ [Cantonese, simp.]
  gan¹ zyu⁶ hai⁶ m⁴ hai⁶ zau⁶ jyun¹ zyu⁶ baa¹ baa¹ maa¹ maa¹ waa⁶ ngo⁵ zan¹ hai⁶ soeng² hok⁶ jyut⁶ kek⁶ aa³ gam² joeng^6-2? [Jyutping]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(Cantonese) Alternative form of 㾓 (jyun¹, “sore; achy and tired”)
(Southern Min) to argue; to quarrel

Synonyms

(grievance): 委屈 (wěiqu)
(enmity):

仇怨 (chóuyuàn)
仇恨 (chóuhèn)
冤仇 (yuānchóu)
嫌 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
怨恨 (yuànhèn)
敵意／敌意 (díyì)
梁子 (niang² zi³) (Sichuanese)

(to pester): 纏／缠 (chán)
(to argue):

Dialectal synonyms of 吵架 (“to quarrel; to argue”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		吵架, 爭吵, 吵鬧, 爭執, 吵嘴, 拌嘴, 鬥嘴
Mandarin	Beijing	吵架, 打架, 嗆嗆, 吵吵, 吵秧子
	Taiwan	吵架
	Tianjin	犯嚼情, 犯嚼舌, 嗆嗆, 戧, 對掐, 摑
	Langfang	吵架
	Tangshan	吵吵
	Cangzhou	打架
	Baoding	吵架
	Shijiazhuang	吵架
	Daming	吵架
	Harbin	吵架, 吵吵, 打嘴仗, 打吵子, 打嘰嘰, 鬧嘰嘰
	Yantai (Muping)	打嘴仗, 打仗
	Qingdao	打仗
	Jinan	吵, 吵架, 吵嘴, 打仗, 打架
	Luoyang	嚷架兒
	Wanrong	吵架
	Xi'an	吵嘴, 吵架, 吵
	Yinchuan	吵嘴
	Lanzhou	吵仗, 嚷仗
	Xining	吵架, 吵嘴
	Ürümqi	嚷仗, 吵架
	Wuhan	吵架, 吵嘴, 折罵
	Chengdu	吵架, 吵, 扯筋, 罵架, 鬧架, 角逆, 打嘴巴仗
	Chongqing	吵架, 吵嘴, 找些來鬧
	Guiyang	吵架, 鬧起來
	Kunming	嚷, 嚷架, 爭嘴, 拌嘴
	Guilin	吵架
	Liuzhou	吵嘴, 吵, 鬧架
	Xuzhou	磨牙, 詥架, 詥, 拌嘴
	Yangzhou	𠵹喪, 𠵹, 吵, 吵死
	Nanjing	吵窩子
	Hefei	吵嘴
	Nantong	罵架, 𠵹喪, 𠵹, 犯頂, 犯翹, 吵死, 吵嘴
	Malaysia	吵架
	Singapore	吵架
Cantonese	Guangzhou	嗌交, 嘈交, 鬧交, 吵交, 爭交, 嘈吵
	Hong Kong	嗌交, 鬧交, 嘈交, 爭交
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	嗌交
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	吵鬧
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	鬧交
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	嘈交
	Macau	爭交
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	嗌交
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	鬧交
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	嗌交
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	嘈, 怒交
	Foshan	嗌交
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	嗌交
	Foshan (Shunde)	爭交
	Foshan (Sanshui)	吵插
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	爭吵, 嗌交
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	爭交
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	爭交
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	鬧交
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	鬧交
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	鬧交
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	鬧交
	Taishan	鬧交
	Kaiping (Chikan)	鬧交
	Enping (Niujiang)	鬧交
	Heshan (Yayao)	嘈
	Dongguan	鬧交, 嘈交
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	鬧交
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	嘈交
	Yangjiang	打交
	Nanning	爭交, 嗌交
	Wuzhou	爭交, 嗌交
	Yulin	爭交
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	爭交
	Danzhou	鬧會
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	嘈交, 嗌交, 牙絡
	Singapore (Guangfu)	嘈交, 嗌交
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	嗌交
Gan	Nanchang	罵相罵, 埂仗
	Lichuan	相罵, 埂, 吵
	Pingxiang	鬥鬧
Hakka	Meixian	相罵, 嘈交仔, 嘈交, 嘈嘴, 嘈仗, 詏
	Xingning	嘈交哩, 嘈交
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	嘈交, 嘈嘴, 撐交, 鬧交
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	詏
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	詏
	Huidong (Daling)	嘈交
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	嘈交
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	爭嘴
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	鬧交
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	嘈交, 罵交
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	罵交
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	嘈嘴哩
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	嘈交哩
	Wuhua (Changbu)	嘈嘴哩, 嘈交哩
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	嘈相罵
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	嘈交
	Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)	嘈嘴
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	嘈交仔
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	爭
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	嘈口, 嘈交
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	嘈交
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	講口
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	講口
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	嘈嘴
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	講口
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	嘈交, 相聲
	Liannan	嘈交
	Conghua (Lütian)	罵交
	Jiexi	相詏
	Changting	講口, 鬥舌
	Wuping	嘈交子, 相罵
	Wuping (Pingyu)	嘈交子, 嘈交, 講嘴
	Liancheng	講口, 鬥舌
	Ninghua	講口
	Yudu	講口
	Ruijin	講口
	Shicheng	講口
	Shangyou (Shexi)	講口
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	冤家, 相嘈, 相罵, 駁嘴
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	冤家, 相嘈, 相罵, 嘈事
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	冤家, 相嘈, 相罵, 駁嘴
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	冤家, 相嘈, 相罵, 駁嘴
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	冤家, 相嘈, 相罵, 駁嘴
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	冤家, 相嘈, 相罵, 駁嘴
	Hong Kong	嘈交
	Luchuan	爭交
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	吵嘴
	Sabah (Longchuan)	嘈交
	Senai (Huiyang)	嘈交
	Kuching (Hepo)	相罵
	Singkawang	相嘈
Huizhou	Jixi	吵, 吵死
Huizhou	Shexian	吵死
Jin	Taiyuan	吵, 嚷, 吵架
	Xinzhou	嚷架, 嚷
	Zhangjiakou	嚷架
	Handan	吵架
Northern Min	Jian'ou	相罵
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	罵架
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	相罵
	Pucheng (Shibei)	相爭
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	冤家, 相罵
	Changle	相爭
	Fuqing	冤家, 相罵
	Yongtai	相罵
	Gutian	相爭
	Ningde	相喊
	Shouning	咬齧
	Zhouning	咬齧
	Fuding	猴咬
Southern Min	Xiamen	相罵, 冤家, 冤, 嘀嗒
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	冤家
	Quanzhou	冤家, 冤, 嘀嗒
	Jinjiang	冤家, 冤
	Zhangzhou	冤家, 冤
	Zhao'an	相罵, 冤家, 交拚
	Taipei	相罵, 冤家
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	相罵, 冤家
	Kaohsiung	相罵, 冤家
	Yilan	相罵, 冤家
	Changhua (Lukang)	相罵, 冤家, 相嚷
	Taichung	相罵, 冤家
	Taichung (Wuqi)	冤家
	Tainan	相罵, 冤家
	Taitung	冤家
	Hsinchu	相嚷, 相罵
	Kinmen	相罵
	Penghu (Magong)	相罵
	Penang (Hokkien)	相罵, 相嚷, 厊䜎, 相爭
	Singapore (Hokkien)	相罵, 冤家, 冤, 厊䜎, 相諍
	Manila (Hokkien)	冤家, 相諍, 冤
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	相罵
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	爭交
	Chaozhou	相罵, 冤家
	Shantou	相罵, 相詏, 冤家
	Shantou (Chenghai)	相罵, 相詏, 冤家
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	相詏
	Jieyang	相罵, 冤家
	Haifeng	相罵, 冤家
	Bangkok (Teochew)	相罵, 相詏
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	相罵
	Singapore (Teochew)	相罵, 冤家
	Leizhou	相爭
	Wenchang	相罵, 相爭
	Haikou	相爭
	Singapore (Hainanese)	相罵
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	罵交
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	罵交
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	爭交, 爭架, 鬥口
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	鬧交子
Wu	Shanghai	吵相罵, 尋相罵, 盤嘴舌, 吵, 盤淘氣, 相罵 dated, 做惱 dated
	Shanghai (Chongming)	吵相罵, 淘氣
	Suzhou	吵相罵, 尋相罵, 相罵
	Wuxi	吵相罵, 相罵
	Danyang	吵相罵, 吵事, 吵架, 吵屍
	Hangzhou	鬧架兒, 吵吵兒, 吵架兒
	Shaoxing	討相罵, 悖逆
	Ningbo	造孽, 造
	Wenzhou	亂起, 相亂, 爭起
	Jinhua	相罵, 相爭, 接熱
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	相爭
Xiang	Changsha	吵場合, 鬧場合, 扯皮, 扯筋
	Xiangtan	扯皮
	Loudi	𪘬皮, 𪘬架, 吵架
	Shuangfeng	𪘬筋, 扯皮
	Quanzhou	爭吵

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “not cost-effective”):

上算 (shàngsuàn)
優惠／优惠 (yōuhuì)
划算 (huásuàn)
化算 (faa³ syun³) (Cantonese)
合摟兒／合搂儿 (hélòur) (Beijing Mandarin)
合盤／合盘 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
合算 (hésuàn)
實惠／实惠 (shíhuì)
抵 (dai²) (Cantonese)
會值得／会值得 (Hokkien)
會行得／会行得 (Hokkien)
有盤／有盘 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
盤／盘 (Hokkien, Teochew)
盤頭／盘头 (Xiamen Hokkien)
經濟／经济 (jīngjì)

Compounds

不白之冤 (bùbáizhīyuān)
九命奇冤
伸冤 (shēnyuān)
俏冤家
冤人
冤仇 (yuānchóu)
冤兜
冤冤相報／冤冤相报 (yuānyuānxiāngbào)
冤大頭／冤大头 (yuāndàtóu)
冤天屈地
冤孽
冤家 (yuānjiā)
冤家路狹／冤家路狭
冤家路窄 (yuānjiālùzhǎi)
冤屈 (yuānqū)
冤情
冤抑
冤枉
冤枉氣／冤枉气
冤枉路
冤枉錢／冤枉钱
冤桶
冤業／冤业
冤獄／冤狱 (yuānyù)
冤禽
冤苦
冤苦錢／冤苦钱
冤讎／冤雠 (yuānchóu)
冤頭／冤头 (yuāntóu)
冤魂 (yuānhún)
冤魂不散
受冤
吃冤枉
含冤 (hányuān)
告冤
含冤昭雪
含冤負屈／含冤负屈
喊冤
喊冤叫屈
埋冤
報冤／报冤
夙世冤家
大冤
奇冤極枉／奇冤极枉
孽冤
宿世冤家
小冤家
尺二冤家
懷冤抱屈／怀冤抱屈 (huáiyuānbàoqū)
抱冤 (bàoyuān)
擊鼓申冤／击鼓申冤
昭冤申枉
業冤／业冤
歡喜冤家／欢喜冤家
沉冤 (chényuān)
沉冤昭雪 (chényuānzhāoxuě)
沉冤莫白
煩冤／烦冤
申冤 (shēnyuān)
空頭冤家／空头冤家
竇娥冤／窦娥冤
蒙冤
覆盆之冤
訴冤／诉冤
負屈含冤／负屈含冤
負屈銜冤／负屈衔冤
辯冤／辩冤
銜冤／衔冤 (xiányuān)
銜冤負屈／衔冤负屈
鐵死冤家／铁死冤家
雪冤 (xuěyuān)
風流冤孽／风流冤孽
風流冤業／风流冤业
鳴冤／鸣冤 (míngyuān)
鳴冤叫屈／鸣冤叫屈

References

“冤”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

冤

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

false charge
hatred

Readings

On (unclassified): えん (en)
Kun: ぬれぎぬ (nureginu, 冤); かがむ (kagamu)

Noun

冤(えん) • (en)

false charge

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 冤 (MC 'jwon). Recorded as Middle Korean 寃/원 (wen) (Yale: wen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 冤 (eumhun 원통할 원 (wontonghal won))

Hanja form^? of 원 (“grievance; injustice; wrong”).

Compounds

원통 (寃痛, wontong)
원옥 (冤獄, wonok)
원혼 (冤魂, wonhon)
원죄 (冤罪, wonjoe)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

冤: Hán Nôm readings: oan

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