بن

See also: ثن, تن, پ.ن, ین, and ين

Arabic

Etymology 1

Base form of اِبْن (ibn). From Proto-Semitic *bin-. Compare Hebrew בֵּן.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ibn/

Noun

بْن • (bn) m

Alternative form of اِبْن (ibn)

Usage notes

Used after another noun (which necessarily ends in a vowel if case endings are preserved).

Declension

Declension of noun بْن (bn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	—	بْن bn
Nominative	—	—	بْنُ bnu
Accusative	—	—	بْنَ bna
Genitive	—	—	بْنِ bni

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܒܽܘܢܳܐ (būnā), which, attested as “barley soaked in water”, underwent a meaning development in 14^th-century Yemen due to brewages of sundry appetizing beverages, less likely in view of the pungent fish-sauce بُنّ (bunn), but from the picture of barley grains to the coffee bean in particular. Compare meaning transferrals in the spice-names قِزْح (qizḥ) and بِسْبَاس (bisbās), and خَنْدَرِيس (ḵandarīs, “spelt; gruel”) to “wine”, as قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee”) originally meant “wine”. This specific meaning strain—it was only generalized in Ethiopia to mean the berry, powder and decoct of coffee too—is confirmed by Ancient Greek βύνη (búnē, “malt”), a borrowing found in Late Antiquity’s Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis and Aëtius of Amida. The further origin can be a technical term restricted from the well-known Middle Iranian word for “base, grounds” found as Classical Persian (bun) and Old Armenian բուն (bun), also borrowed directly from Iranian in Omani Arabic بون (būn), compare the Iranianism reflected in Arabic دُرْدِيّ (durdiyy, “lees, amurca”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bunn/

Noun

بُنّ • (bunn) m (plural أَبْنَان (ʔabnān)) (usually uncountable)

coffee beans, coffee
coffee tree
(obsolete) a fine strong fragrance

Declension

Declension of noun بُنّ (bunn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُنّ bunn	الْبُنّ al-bunn	بُنّ bunn
Nominative	بُنٌّ bunnun	الْبُنُّ al-bunnu	بُنُّ bunnu
Accusative	بُنًّا bunnan	الْبُنَّ al-bunna	بُنَّ bunna
Genitive	بُنٍّ bunnin	الْبُنِّ al-bunni	بُنِّ bunni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُنَّيْن bunnayn	الْبُنَّيْن al-bunnayn	بُنَّيْ bunnay
Nominative	بُنَّانِ bunnāni	الْبُنَّانِ al-bunnāni	بُنَّا bunnā
Accusative	بُنَّيْنِ bunnayni	الْبُنَّيْنِ al-bunnayni	بُنَّيْ bunnay
Genitive	بُنَّيْنِ bunnayni	الْبُنَّيْنِ al-bunnayni	بُنَّيْ bunnay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَبْنَان ʔabnān	الْأَبْنَان al-ʔabnān	أَبْنَان ʔabnān
Nominative	أَبْنَانٌ ʔabnānun	الْأَبْنَانُ al-ʔabnānu	أَبْنَانُ ʔabnānu
Accusative	أَبْنَانًا ʔabnānan	الْأَبْنَانَ al-ʔabnāna	أَبْنَانَ ʔabnāna
Genitive	أَبْنَانٍ ʔabnānin	الْأَبْنَانِ al-ʔabnāni	أَبْنَانِ ʔabnāni

Derived terms

بُنِّيّ (bunniyy)
بَنَّة (banna, “odour”)

Descendants

→ Afar: bún, búun; búna, buná
→ Amharic: ቡን (bunn)
- ⇒ Amharic: ቡና (bunna)
  - → Afar: buna
  - → Awngi: bunnoa
  - → Kafa: buno
  - → Oromo: buna
  - → Sidamo: buna
  - → Waata: bunna
  - → Wolaytta: bunna
→ Coptic: ⲡⲟⲛ (pon)
→ Gujarati: બૂંદ (bū̃d)
→ Harari: ቡን (bunn)
→ Tigre: ቡን (bun)
→ Tigrinya: ቡን (bun)
→ Ottoman Turkish: بن (bünn)
→ Swahili: buni

Etymology 3

Back-formation from بُنِّيّ (bunniyy, “Labeobarbus bynni”), a well-eaten fish of the highest frequency in the Nile.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bunn/

Noun

بُنّ • (bunn) m

(obsolete) brine, pickling-solution, a fish-dish from the salt water in which for example Labeobarbus bynni has been preserved.

Declension

Declension of noun بُنّ (bunn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُنّ bunn	الْبُنّ al-bunn	بُنّ bunn
Nominative	بُنٌّ bunnun	الْبُنُّ al-bunnu	بُنُّ bunnu
Accusative	بُنًّا bunnan	الْبُنَّ al-bunna	بُنَّ bunna
Genitive	بُنٍّ bunnin	الْبُنِّ al-bunni	بُنِّ bunni

Etymology 4

Apparently denominal from بَنَّة (banna, “odour in particular from lodging-places due to cattle”).

Verb

بَنَّ • (banna) I, non-past يَبِنُّ‎ (yabinnu) (obsolete)

to stop over or have a stay [+ بِ (object)]

Conjugation

Conjugation of

بَنَّ

(form-I geminate, verbal noun ?)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					?
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					بَانّ bānn
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَبْنُون mabnūn
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	بَنَنْتُ banantu	بَنَنْتَ bananta	بَنَّ banna	بَنَنْتُمَا banantumā	بَنَّا bannā	بَنَنَّا banannā	بَنَنْتُمْ banantum	بَنُّوا bannū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	بَنَنْتُ banantu	بَنَنْتِ bananti	بَنَّتْ bannat	بَنَنْتُمَا banantumā	بَنَّتَا bannatā	بَنَنَّا banannā	بَنَنْتُنَّ banantunna	بَنَنَّ bananna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَبِنُّ ʔabinnu	تَبِنُّ tabinnu	يَبِنُّ yabinnu	تَبِنَّانِ tabinnāni	يَبِنَّانِ yabinnāni	نَبِنُّ nabinnu	تَبِنُّونَ tabinnūna	يَبِنُّونَ yabinnūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَبِنُّ ʔabinnu	تَبِنِّينَ tabinnīna	تَبِنُّ tabinnu	تَبِنَّانِ tabinnāni	تَبِنَّانِ tabinnāni	نَبِنُّ nabinnu	تَبْنِنَّ tabninna	يَبْنِنَّ yabninna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَبِنَّ ʔabinna	تَبِنَّ tabinna	يَبِنَّ yabinna	تَبِنَّا tabinnā	يَبِنَّا yabinnā	نَبِنَّ nabinna	تَبِنُّوا tabinnū	يَبِنُّوا yabinnū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَبِنَّ ʔabinna	تَبِنِّي tabinnī	تَبِنَّ tabinna	تَبِنَّا tabinnā	تَبِنَّا tabinnā	نَبِنَّ nabinna	تَبْنِنَّ tabninna	يَبْنِنَّ yabninna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَبِنَّ or أَبِنِّ or أَبْنِنْ ʔabinna or ʔabinni or ʔabnin	تَبِنَّ or تَبِنِّ or تَبْنِنْ tabinna or tabinni or tabnin	يَبِنَّ or يَبِنِّ or يَبْنِنْ yabinna or yabinni or yabnin	تَبِنَّا tabinnā	يَبِنَّا yabinnā	نَبِنَّ or نَبِنِّ or نَبْنِنْ nabinna or nabinni or nabnin	تَبِنُّوا tabinnū	يَبِنُّوا yabinnū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f		تَبِنِّي tabinnī	تَبِنَّ or تَبِنِّ or تَبْنِنْ tabinna or tabinni or tabnin	تَبِنَّا tabinnā	تَبِنَّا tabinnā		تَبْنِنَّ tabninna	يَبْنِنَّ yabninna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		بِنَّ or بِنِّ or اِبْنِنْ binna or binni or ibnin		بِنَّا binnā			بِنُّوا binnū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		بِنِّي binnī		بِنَّا binnā			اِبْنِنَّ ibninna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	بُنِنْتُ bunintu	بُنِنْتَ buninta	بُنَّ bunna	بُنِنْتُمَا bunintumā	بُنَّا bunnā	بُنِنَّا buninnā	بُنِنْتُمْ bunintum	بُنُّوا bunnū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	بُنِنْتُ bunintu	بُنِنْتِ buninti	بُنَّتْ bunnat	بُنِنْتُمَا bunintumā	بُنَّتَا bunnatā	بُنِنَّا buninnā	بُنِنْتُنَّ bunintunna	بُنِنَّ buninna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُبَنُّ ʔubannu	تُبَنُّ tubannu	يُبَنُّ yubannu	تُبَنَّانِ tubannāni	يُبَنَّانِ yubannāni	نُبَنُّ nubannu	تُبَنُّونَ tubannūna	يُبَنُّونَ yubannūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُبَنُّ ʔubannu	تُبَنِّينَ tubannīna	تُبَنُّ tubannu	تُبَنَّانِ tubannāni	تُبَنَّانِ tubannāni	نُبَنُّ nubannu	تُبْنَنَّ tubnanna	يُبْنَنَّ yubnanna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُبَنَّ ʔubanna	تُبَنَّ tubanna	يُبَنَّ yubanna	تُبَنَّا tubannā	يُبَنَّا yubannā	نُبَنَّ nubanna	تُبَنُّوا tubannū	يُبَنُّوا yubannū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُبَنَّ ʔubanna	تُبَنِّي tubannī	تُبَنَّ tubanna	تُبَنَّا tubannā	تُبَنَّا tubannā	نُبَنَّ nubanna	تُبْنَنَّ tubnanna	يُبْنَنَّ yubnanna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُبَنَّ or أُبَنِّ or أُبْنَنْ ʔubanna or ʔubanni or ʔubnan	تُبَنَّ or تُبَنِّ or تُبْنَنْ tubanna or tubanni or tubnan	يُبَنَّ or يُبَنِّ or يُبْنَنْ yubanna or yubanni or yubnan	تُبَنَّا tubannā	يُبَنَّا yubannā	نُبَنَّ or نُبَنِّ or نُبْنَنْ nubanna or nubanni or nubnan	تُبَنُّوا tubannū	يُبَنُّوا yubannū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f		تُبَنِّي tubannī	تُبَنَّ or تُبَنِّ or تُبْنَنْ tubanna or tubanni or tubnan	تُبَنَّا tubannā	تُبَنَّا tubannā		تُبْنَنَّ tubnanna	يُبْنَنَّ yubnanna

Noun

بِنّ • (binn) m (obsolete)

a place having a fetid odour
layer of fat

Declension

Declension of noun بِنّ (binn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بِنّ binn	الْبِنّ al-binn	بِنّ binn
Nominative	بِنٌّ binnun	الْبِنُّ al-binnu	بِنُّ binnu
Accusative	بِنًّا binnan	الْبِنَّ al-binna	بِنَّ binna
Genitive	بِنٍّ binnin	الْبِنِّ al-binni	بِنِّ binni

Pronunciation 1

IPA^(key): /bin/

Verb

بِنْ • (bin) (form I)

second-person masculine singular active imperative of بَانَ (bāna)

Pronunciation 2

IPA^(key): /bin.na/

Verb

بِنَّ • (binna) (form I)

second-person feminine plural active imperative of بَانَ (bāna)
third-person feminine plural past active of بَانَ (bāna)

References

Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “بن”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 116
Freytag, Georg (1830) “بن”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 158b
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “بن”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 166
Landberg, Carlo, editor (1909), Études sur les dialectes de l'Arabie méridionale. Deuxième volume. Daṯînah. Deuxième partie‎ (in French), Leiden: Brill, pages 1062–1064
Lane, Edward William (1863) “بن”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 258a–b
Streck, Maximilian (1907) “Bemerkungen zu einigen arabischen Fischnamen”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 61, page 638

Brokskat

Noun

بن (ban)

village

Kalami

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ban]

Adjective

بن (ban) m

closed

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *ben (“I”).

Pronoun

بن • (ben)

I

Declension

declension of بن

	singular (مفرد)	plural (جمع)
nominative	بن (ben)	بز (biz)
genitive	بنم (benim)	بزم (bizim)
dative	بڭا (baña)	بزه (bize)
definite accusative	بنی (beni)	بزی (bizi)
locative	بنده (bende)	بزده (bizde)
ablative	بندن (benden)	بزدن (bizden)

Descendants

Turkish: ben

Etymology 2

From Arabic اِبْن (ibn, “son”).

Noun

بن • (bin) (plural بنی)

son (only used at names, e.g. Ahmet bin Ali - “the son of Ali, Ahmed”)
Synonym: اوغلی (oğlu)

References

Kélékian, Diran (1911) “بن”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 277
Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بنی”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 390

Pashto

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *hapáθniH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sapátniH (“co-wife”). Compare Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬚𐬥𐬍 (hapaθnī) and Sanskrit सपत्नी (sapatnī).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bən/

Noun

بن • (bən) f

co-wife

Declension

declension of بن

	singular	plural
direct	بن (bən)	بنې (bəne)
oblique	بنې (bəne)	بنو (bəno)
vocative	بنې (bəne)	بنو (bəno)

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [script needed] (bwn' /⁠bun⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *buHnáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰudʰnás, from *bʰudʰmḗn.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [bun]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bʊn]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bʊn]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bun]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bon]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bun]

Readings
Classical reading^?	bun
Dari reading^?	bun
Iranian reading^?	bon
Tajik reading^?	bun

Noun

بن • (bon)

Derived terms

بنگاه (bongâh, “organization, institution”)
بن‌بست (bon-bast, “dead-end”)

Etymology 2

From late Middle Persian [script needed] (bwn' /⁠bun⁠/), from earlier [script needed] (wn' /⁠wan⁠/, “tree; stock, stem”) also present as (van, “ash tree”) and Classical Syriac ܒܰܢ (ban, “terebinth”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [bun]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bʊn]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bʊn]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bun]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bon]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bun]

Readings
Classical reading^?	bun
Dari reading^?	bun
Iranian reading^?	bon
Tajik reading^?	bun

Noun

بن • (bon) (archaic)

bush
tree

Derived terms

گلبن (golbon)
خاربن (xârbon)
سروبن (sarvbon)

Etymology 3

From Arabic بِن (bin, “son”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [bin]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bɪn]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bɪn]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bin]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ben]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bin]

Readings
Classical reading^?	bin
Dari reading^?	bin
Iranian reading^?	ben
Tajik reading^?	bin

Noun

بن • (ben)

bin (in Arabic names)

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Proper noun

بن • (ben)

Ben (the capital city of Ben County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran).
Ben (a county of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran).

Etymology 5

From German Bonn.

Pronunciation

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bon]

Readings


Iranian reading^?	bon

Proper noun

بن • (bon)

Bonn (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia; former capital city of Germany)

References

Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28)‎, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 129, from which apparently “bn²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Laufer, Berthold (1919) Sino-Iranica: Chinese contributions to the history of civilization in ancient Iran, with special reference to the history of cultivated plants and products (Fieldiana, Anthropology; 15), volume 3, Chicago: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, pages 248–249
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “بن”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 200
Vullers, Johann August (1855) “بن”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎ (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 263

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بُنّ (bunn).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /binn/, [bɪn]
Audio (Ramallah) (file)

Noun

بنّ • (binn) m