< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yalŋuz
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Alternative reconstructions
- *yalŋus
Etymology
Tekin and Nişanyan both suggest a crasis of *yalïŋ and *ȫŕ (“self”) thus "bare, lone self". Erdal instead suggests a crasis of *yalïŋ and *us (“reason”).[1] Clauson's suggestion that it is foreign due to an original *-s is baseless.
Declension
Declension of *yalŋuz
| Singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *yalŋuz |
| Accusative | *yalŋuznï, *yalŋuzug 4), *yalŋuznïg 1) |
| Genitive | *yalŋuznïŋ |
| Dative | *yalŋuzka |
| Locative | *yalŋuzda |
| Ablative | *yalŋuzdan |
| Allative | *yalŋuzgaru |
| Instrumental 2) | *yalŋuzun |
| Equative 2) | *yalŋuzča |
| Similative 2) | *yalŋuzlayu |
| Comitative 2) | *yalŋuzlugu |
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
Descendants
- Common Turkic: *yalŋuz (“alone”)
- Kipchak
- Karluk
- Uzbek: yolgʻiz
- Oghuz
- Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰀𐰞𐰭𐰆𐰽 (yalıŋus)
- Old Uyghur: yʾlnkwz, yʾlnqwz (yalŋuz), yʾlnkws (yalŋus)
- South Siberian:
- Yenisei:
- Khakas: чалғыс (çalğıs)
- Northern Altai: ньагыс (nʹagïs)
- Shor: чағыс
- Sayan Turkic:
- Tofa: нюӈус
- Tuvan: чаңгыс (çañgıs)
- Western Yugur: yaŋğïs
- Yenisei:
- North Siberian:
- Yakut: соҕотох (soğotoq)
- Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰀𐰞𐰭𐰆𐰽 (yalıŋus)
References
- Erdal, Marcel (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation, volume I, Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 338
- al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yalŋu:s”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 930-931
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “yalnız”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 182
- Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Nauka, page 97
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jạlɨŋ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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