Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yalïŋ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *yal- (“to be stripped”) +‎ *-ïŋ (cf. *yalïn- (“to strip”), *yalïm (“bare”)).

Adjective

*yalïŋ

(Common Turkic) bare, naked
(Common Turkic, figurative) alone, lonely

Declension

Declension of *yalïŋ

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*yalïŋ
Accusative	yalïŋnï, yalïŋïg ⁴⁾, *yalïŋnïg ¹⁾
Genitive	*yalïŋnïŋ
Dative	*yalïŋka
Locative	*yalïŋda
Ablative	*yalïŋdan
Allative	*yalïŋgaru
Instrumental ²⁾	*yalïŋïn
Equative ²⁾	*yalïŋča
Similative ²⁾	*yalïŋlayu
Comitative ²⁾	*yalïŋlïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Derived terms

⇒ *yalŋuz
⇒ *yalïŋ adak

Descendants

Common Turkic: *yalïŋ

Oghuz:
- Western Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: yalın
    - Ottoman Turkish: یالیڭ (yalıñ)
      - Turkish: yalın
- Eastern Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: ýalaň
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: یَالِنكْ (yalıŋ)
  - Chagatai: یالینگ (yalıŋ), یالانگ (yalaŋ)
    - Uyghur: يالاڭ (yalang)
    - Uzbek: yalang
Kipchak:
- Kipchak–Nogai:
  - Kazakh: жалаң (jalañ)
  - Nogai: ялан (yalan)
- Kyrgyz–Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: жалаң (jalaŋ)
- Kipchak–Bulgar:
  - Tatar: ялан (yalan)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰞𐰭 (y¹l¹ŋ)

References

al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yalıŋ”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 929
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “yalın”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, pages 181-182
Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Nauka, page 104
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jạlɨŋ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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