Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tüge

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*tüge

(Common Turkic) calf, heifer
Synonym: *tāna

Declension

Declension of *tüge

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*tüge
Accusative	tügeni, tügeg ⁴⁾, *tügenig ¹⁾
Genitive	*tügeniŋ
Dative	*tügeke
Locative	*tügede
Ablative	*tügeden
Allative	*tügegerü
Instrumental ²⁾	*tügen
Equative ²⁾	*tügeče
Similative ²⁾	*tügeleyü
Comitative ²⁾	*tügeligü

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: düyə
    - Ottoman Turkish:
      - Turkish: düve
      - → Crimean Tatar: düve
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: tüve
- Uyghur–Oghuz:
  - Salar: düge
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: تُكا (tüge)
Kipchak: [script needed] (tüge, “slave girl”)

Animals in Turkic
Dog	dog: *ït	Hunting Dog	hunting dog: *eker	Hen	hen: *tiakïgu
Lark	lark: *torgay	Pigeon	dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin	Quail	quail: *bïldurčïn
Sparrow	sparrow: *serče	Hawk	hawk, falcon: *kïrguy	Goose	goose: *kāŕ
Wolf	wolf: *bȫrü	Cow	cow: *ingek	Calf	calf: *buŕagu
Camel	camel: *tebe	Young Camel	young of camel: kȫĺek, botu	Horse	horse: *at
Foal	foal: *kulun	Worm	worm: *kūrt	Snake	snake: *yï̄lan
Fox	fox: *tilkü	goat	goat: *keči	He-goat	he-goat: *teke
Lion	lion: *arsïlan	Fish	fish: *bālïk	Abramis brama	carp bream: *čapak
Donkey	donkey: *eĺčgek	Carp	carp: *siāŕgan	Catfish	catfish: *yāyïn
Beaver	beaver: *kunduŕ	Hedgehog	hedgehog: *kirpi	Badger	badger: *borsmuk
Fly	fly, mosquito: *siŋek	Bee	wasp, bee: *ārï	Gadlfy	gadfly: *bȫgen
Moth	moth: *küńe	Louse	louse: *bït	Earthworm	earthworm: *sïbuĺgan
Yak	yak: *kotuz	Colt	colt: *sïp	Dragon	dragon: *siāŕgan
Worm	worm: *kūrt	Deer	deer: keyik, sïgun, bulan, bugu	Lizard	lizard: *keleŕ

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “tüge”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 478
Eren, Hasan (1999) “düve”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 127
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “düve”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

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