Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tebe

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

There have been attempts (such as Räsänen's) to connect this word with Proto-Uralic *tewä (“deer”) noting that the Siberian descendants have the meaning "deer", however this is not generally accepted and may simply be a coincidence.

Noun

*tebe

camel

Declension

Declension of *tebe

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*tebe
Accusative	tebeni, tebeg ⁴⁾, *tebenig ¹⁾
Genitive	*tebeniŋ
Dative	*tebeke
Locative	*tebede
Ablative	*tebeden
Allative	*tebegerü
Instrumental ²⁾	*teben
Equative ²⁾	*tebeče
Similative ²⁾	*tebeleyü
Comitative ²⁾	*tebeligü

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: тӗве (tĕve)
  - → Eastern Mari: тӱе (tüje)
  - → Erzya: дуе (duje)
- → Hungarian: teve[1]
  - → Slovak: ťava
Common Turkic: *tebe

Arghu:
- Khalaj: təvə
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: dəvə
  - Ottoman Turkish: دوه
    - Gagauz: devä
    - Turkish: deve
      - → Zazaki: deva
    - → Albanian: deve
    - → Armenian: դավա (dava)
    - → Northern Kurdish: deve
    - → Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: дева
      Latin script: deva
- Salar: döve, döye
- Turkmen: düýe
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (teve(y))
  - Uzbek: tuya
  - Uyghur: تۆگە (töge)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: дөйә (döyə)
  - Tatar: дөя (döya)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: deve
  - Kumyk: тюе (tüye)
  - Karaim: tüye
  - Karachay-Balkar: тюе (tüye)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: төө (töö)
  - Southern Altai: тӧӧ (töö)
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: túye
  - Kazakh: түйе (tüie)
  - Nogai: туье (tüye)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰋𐰀 (tebe)
  - Old Uyghur: tʾvʾ (teve)
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: таба (“deer”)
  - Yakut: таба (taba, “deer”)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tofa: тебе
    - Tuvan: теве (teve)
  - Yenisei:
    - Shor: тӧӧ
    - Khakas: тибе (tibe)
    - Western Yugur: te, ti
→ Proto-Mongolic: *temexen (“camel”)[2][3]

Animals in Turkic
Dog	dog: *ït	Hunting Dog	hunting dog: *eker	Hen	hen: *tiakïgu
Lark	lark: *torgay	Pigeon	dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin	Quail	quail: *bïldurčïn
Sparrow	sparrow: *serče	Hawk	hawk, falcon: *kïrguy	Goose	goose: *kāŕ
Wolf	wolf: *bȫrü	Cow	cow: *ingek	Calf	calf: *buŕagu
Camel	camel: *tebe	Young Camel	young of camel: kȫĺek, botu	Horse	horse: *at
Foal	foal: *kulun	Worm	worm: *kūrt	Snake	snake: *yï̄lan
Fox	fox: *tilkü	goat	goat: *keči	He-goat	he-goat: *teke
Lion	lion: *arsïlan	Fish	fish: *bālïk	Abramis brama	carp bream: *čapak
Donkey	donkey: *eĺčgek	Carp	carp: *siāŕgan	Catfish	catfish: *yāyïn
Beaver	beaver: *kunduŕ	Hedgehog	hedgehog: *kirpi	Badger	badger: *borsmuk
Fly	fly, mosquito: *siŋek	Bee	wasp, bee: *ārï	Gadlfy	gadfly: *bȫgen
Moth	moth: *küńe	Louse	louse: *bït	Earthworm	earthworm: *sïbuĺgan
Yak	yak: *kotuz	Colt	colt: *sïp	Dragon	dragon: *siāŕgan
Worm	worm: *kūrt	Deer	deer: keyik, sïgun, bulan, bugu	Lizard	lizard: *keleŕ

References

Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), volume II, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 903-906
Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎, Utrecht: LOT, page 517
Sanžejev, G. D., Orlovskaja, M. N., Ševernina, Z. V. (2015–) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ mongolʹskix jazykov: v 3 t. [Etymological dictionary of Mongolic languages: in 3 vols.] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 161

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “tevey”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 447
Eren, Hasan (1999) “deve”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 100
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “deve”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 368
Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Nauka, page 313
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*tebe”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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[1] Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), volume II, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 903-906

[2] Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎, Utrecht: LOT, page 517

[3] Sanžejev, G. D., Orlovskaja, M. N., Ševernina, Z. V. (2015–) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ mongolʹskix jazykov: v 3 t. [Etymological dictionary of Mongolic languages: in 3 vols.] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 161