< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jьskra

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Nominalization of an adjective Proto-Slavic *jьskrъ (“bright, stark, vivid”)[3] + *-a, a 0-grade doublet of Proto-Slavic *ěskrъ (whence Polish jaskry and Bulgarian Искър). Likely akin to Lithuanian ýškus (“bright, clear”). If right, then from an earlier Proto-Balto-Slavic *ī́ˀškrāˀ, *áiˀškrāˀ.

The exact Indo-European root is unclear. Comparisons have made with Proto-Germanic *aiskrōną (“to rage”) (whence Icelandic ískra (“to creak”)), Ancient Greek ἐσχάρᾱ (eskhárā, “hearth”) (doubted by Vasmer). Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“to energize, to invigorate”) or *h₂eydʰ- (“to ignite”)[4].

Noun

*jь̀skra f[4]

  1. spark

Alternative forms
  • *ě̀skra, *jàskra

Declension
Declension of *jь̀skra (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
singular dual plural
nominative *jь̀skra *jь̀skrě *jь̀skry
genitive *jь̀skry *jь̀skru *jь̀skrъ
dative *jь̀skrě *jь̀skrama *jь̀skramъ
accusative *jь̀skrǫ *jь̀skrě *jь̀skry
instrumental *jь̀skrojǫ, *jь̀skrǭ** *jь̀skrama *jь̀skramī
locative *jь̀skrě *jь̀skru *jь̀skrasъ, *jь̀skraxъ*
vocative *jь̀skro *jь̀skrě *jь̀skry
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms
  • *jьskriti, *jastriti (“to spark, to emit a spark”)
  • *jьskrěti (“to glimmer”)
  • *jьskrica (diminutive)
  • *jьskravъ, *ěskravъ (“bright, brilliant”)
  • *jьskristъ (“sparkling”)
  • *ěska (“bright light, star”)
  • *ěsъ, *ěsa (“clarity”)
  • *ěsnъ (“clear, serene”) (from an earlier *ěsknъ)
  • *ědъ, *ědmo (“poison, purulence”)

Descendants

Non-Slavic:

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “и́скра”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “jьskra”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 239
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “искра”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 88
  • іскра in Горох.ua (етимологія)
  • Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*aiskrōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 10

References
  1. Olander, Thomas (2001) “jiskra”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 132)”
  2. Snoj, Marko (2016) “iskra”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *ji̋skra”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016) “isker”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “pslovan. *ji̋skrъ”
  4. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*jь̀skra”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 214: “f. ā (a) ‘spark’”
  5. Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “iskër”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 155
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