< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ey-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₂ey-[1][2]

  1. vital force, life, age, eternity

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ey- (life)‎ (35 c, 0 e)
  • *h₂óy-u ~ *h₂y-éw- n (“long time, lifetime”)[1][2]
  • *h₂ey-m(n)- (“image, likeness”) (possibly)
  • *h₂ey-t-
    • ⇒? *h₂ey-t-to-
      • Proto-Celtic: *aissā[3] (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Tocharian:
      • Tocharian A: āym

References
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  3. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ay-sso-, *ay-to-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 51

Root

*h₂ey-[1]

  1. to give
  2. (mediopassive) to be given; to receive, take

Alternative reconstructions

Reconstruction notes

Sometimes included is Hittite 𒉺𒀀𒄿 (pa-a-i /⁠pāi⁠/), assuming it contains the prefix 𒁉𒂊- (pé-e- /⁠pe-⁠/),[2] but this is made obsolete by the derivation of the Hittite from *h₁ep- (“to seize”).[3][1]
The identification of the Celto-Germanic isogloss meaning “oath” is uncertain, and it may involve borrowing between these two branches. It is more commonly reconstructed as *h₁óytos, from *h₁ey- (“to go”), without the Greek. Beekes adduces the Greek under the assumption of a connection to the other Greek words belonging to *h₂ey-, and comparing the semantics of Younger Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (aēta, “punishment”)[4]

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ey- (give)‎ (3 c, 0 e)
  • *h₂ey-néw-tor
    • Proto-Hellenic: *ainúmai
      • Ancient Greek: αἴνυμαι (aínumai)
      • ⇒ Mycenaean Greek: 𐁁𐀝𐀕𐀜 (ai-nu-me-no /⁠Ainumenos⁠/, given name)
  • *h₂éy-ti-s
    • ⇒? *h₂ey-ty-eh₂ or *h₂ey-t-teh₂
      • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Proto-Italic: *aitis
      • Oscan: aeteis (“part (of a possession)”, gen.sg.)
  • *h₂ey-tó-
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: *αἶτος (*aîtos, “something given, portion”)
    • >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Haytas (“part, share?”)
      • Proto-Iranian: *Haytah
        • Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (aēta, “punishment”)
  • ⇒? *h₂óytos (a poetic or spiritual term, literally “that which is given”)[4]
    • >? Proto-Celtic: *oitos
      • Old Irish: óeth (“oath”)
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *aiþaz (“oath”) (see there for further descendants)
    • >? Proto-Hellenic:

Descendants
  • Proto-Tocharian: *āi- (“to give, pay out; (mp.) to take”)[2]
    • Tocharian A: e-
    • Tocharian B: ai-

References
  1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “αἴνυμαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 40: “IE *h₂ei- ‘give’”
  2. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “ai-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 106–107: “PIE *h₄ei- ‘take, give’”
  3. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “pai-i / pi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 614–616
  4. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “οἶτος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1063: “IE *h₂oi-to- ‘share’”

Root

*h₂ey-[1][2]

  1. day, morning

Derived terms
  • *h₂éy-eri (“early, in the morning”)
  • *h₂óy-r̥ ~ *h₂éy-ns[3][4]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háyr̥
      • Proto-Iranian: *Háyr̥
        • Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬭𐬆 (aiiarə, “day”)

References
  1. Beekes, R. S. P. (1981) “The neuter plural and the vocalization of the laryngeals in Avestan”, in Indo-Iranian Journal, volume 23
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*airi”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 12
  3. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “ā̆ier-, ā̆ien-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 12
  4. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*airi”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 12
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.