Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tek-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/teḱ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root 1

*tek-[1][2][3][4]

to take by the hand
to receive, obtain

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tek- (receive)‎ (16 c, 0 e)

*ték-e-ti
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tektei
  - Latvian: tikt
  - Lithuanian: tèkti
- Proto-Celtic: *teketi
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - Breton: tizaff
  - Old Irish: ad·teich (see there for further descendants)
*tek-yé-ti
- Proto-Germanic: *þigjaną (see there for further descendants)
*tk-e-tróm
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšatrám (see there for further descendants)
*tk-eh₂-
- Ancient Greek: κτάομαι (ktáomai)
- Ancient Greek: κτέανον (ktéanon)
- Ancient Greek: κτῆμα (ktêma)
- Ancient Greek: κτῆνος (ktênos)
- Ancient Greek: κτῆσις (ktêsis)
*tk-éy-ti (athematic present (imperfective))
- ⇒? *tkey- (reanalyzed root)
  - ⇒ *tkéy-e-ti (thematicized present)
    - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšáyati (“to rule, have power over, control”)
      - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kṣáyati
        Sanskrit: क्षयति (kṣáyati)
      - Proto-Iranian: *xšáyati
        ⇒ Old Persian: 𐏋 (XŠ /⁠xšāyaθiya⁠/, “king”), 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 (x-š-a-y-θ-i-y)
        Middle Persian: 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (MLKA /⁠šāh⁠/)
        Persian: شاه (šâh) (see there for further descendants)
        Tajik: шоҳ (šoh)

Unsorted formations:
- >? Proto-Celtic: (or borrowed from Germanic?)
  - Old Irish: taca (“prop, support, peg”, noun)
    - Irish: taca
    - Scottish Gaelic: taca

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) “tek-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1057-1058
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*tek-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 618-619
Derksen, Rick (2015) “tekti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 462
Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þegjan-; *þegna-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 536

Root 2

*tek-[1][2][3][4]

to weave

Reconstruction notes

This root is similar to *teḱ- (“to produce, beget, sire”), and their descendants have partial semantic overlap. Only Old Armenian թեքեմ (tʻekʻem) conclusively points to the plain-velar *k, so it is often assumed that the other (Centum) descendants listed below are from *teḱ-. It is also possible, though can be neither confirmed nor disproven, that the two are different but related forms of one original root.

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tek- (weave)‎ (4 c, 0 e)

*ték-e-ti
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: թեքեմ (tʻekʻem), թեկեմ (tʻekem)
    - Armenian: թեքել (tʻekʻel)
*ték-seti
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Hittite: 𒈭𒆠𒅖𒍣 (tákkišzi)
- Proto-Germanic: *þehsaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *teksō
  - Latin: texō (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Armenian:
  - >? Old Armenian: թեզան (tʻezan) (perhaps by conflation with *(s)tegʰ- (“to stitch”) or another root) (see there for further descendants)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) “tek-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1058
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*tek-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 619-620
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “texō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 619
Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “takš-^zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 939-940