Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/kšatrám

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *tk-e-tróm, from *tek- (“to obtain”).[1] Equivalent to the root of *kšáyati +‎ *-trám.

Noun

*kšatrám n

kingdom, dominion, empire
rule, reign

Related terms

*kšáyati

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kṣatrám
- Sanskrit: क्षत्र (kṣatrá) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *xšaθram
- Central Iranian
  - Avestan: 𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀 (xšaθra)
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - Proto-Scythian:
    - Khotanese: [Term?] (/⁠kṣāra⁠/)
    - Proto-Ossetic:
      - Ossetian::
      - Iron Ossetian: ӕхсар (æxsar)
      - Digor Ossetian: ӕхсарӕ (æxsaræ)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian: 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (x-š-ç-m /⁠xšaçam⁠/)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Proto-Medo-Parthian:
    - Proto-Komisenian:
      - Sangisari: شر (šar)
    - Parthian: 𐭇𐭔𐭕𐭓 (ḥštr /⁠xšahr⁠/)
      - → Old Armenian: աշխարհ (ašxarh)
        Armenian: աշխարհ (ašxarh)
      - → Middle Persian: 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štʿy /⁠šahr⁠/)
        Persian: شهر (see there for further descendants)

References

Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*xšaH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

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[1] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*xšaH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN