Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ab

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*aba, *af, *afa

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó.[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɑβ/

Preposition

*ab[1]

away from, off of [+dative]
of [+dative]

Adverb

*ab[1]

away

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *ab(a), *af(a)
- Old English: ob, æf, af, of
  - Middle English: of, off
    - Scots: of, off, af, aff
    - English: of, off
- Old Frisian: af, of
  - Saterland Frisian: oawe, ou
  - West Frisian: af, ôf
- Old Saxon: af
  - Middle Low German: af
    - Low German: af, of
    - Plautdietsch: auf
- Old Dutch: ava, af-
  - Middle Dutch: ave, af
    - Dutch: af (but also ave- in averechts)
    - Limburgish: aaf, aof
    - West Flemish: of
- Old High German: aba; (rarely) ab; (northern) ava, af
  - Middle High German: abe, ab; (northern) ave, af
    - German: ab
      - Norwegian Bokmål: ab
    - Luxembourgish: of
    - Yiddish: אָפּ (op)
Proto-Norse: *ᚨᛒ (*ab)
- Old Norse: af
  - Icelandic: af
  - Faroese: av
  - Norn: av
  - Elfdalian: åv
  - Old Swedish: af, āf, aff
    - Swedish: av, af (pre-1906 spelling; remains in surnames)
  - Danish: af
  - Norwegian Bokmål: av
Gothic: 𐌰𐍆 (af)

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aba”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1

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[EDPG-1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aba”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1