af-

From Old Norse af-. Compare German ab-, Swedish av-.

• IPA^(key): /ɑʊ̯/

af-

1. de-, to cause to cease to be

   tabuisere (“to taboo”) -> aftabuisere (“to detaboo”)

   klassificere (“classify, make classified (secret)”) -> afklassificere (“declassify, make unclassified”)

   militarisere (“militarize”) -> afmilitarisere (“demilitarize”)

   mystificere (“mystify”) -> afmystificere (“demystify”)

2. off, from (signifies removal)

   rive (“rip”) -> afrive (“rip off”)

   skrælle (“peel”) -> afskrælle

• (de-): de-

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *ab.

• IPA^(key): /ɑf/

• Audio

  (file)

af-

1. (prefix) de-, en-
2. down
3. off

af-

1. Romanization of 𐌰𐍆-

From Old Norse af-, from Proto-Germanic *aba-.

af-

1. de-

• of-

From Proto-Germanic *aba-.

• IPA^(key): /ɑf/

af-

1. away, off, from, away from

   ofcuman, afcuman ― to come from, originate from

• This is a verbal prefix. The noun counterpart of this prefix is æf-.

From Proto-Germanic *aba-. Cognate with Old Norse æf-.

af-

1. away, off, from, away from
2. excessively, negatively

From Proto-Germanic *aba-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”).

• IPA^(key): /ɑf/

af-

1. Forming verbs and adjectives with the sense of "off", "away", "from", "out of", "away from"

   afgevan/afgeƀan (“to give up, surrender”)

2. down

   afbrekan (“break down, pluck”)

   afheldian (“go down, end”)

af-

1. Shetland form of aff-

• “af-, pref.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.

af-

1. Obsolete spelling of av-

From Proto-Brythonic *aβ̃-, from Proto-Celtic *am-, allophonic variant of *an- before *b and *ɸ.

• IPA^(key): /av/

af-

1. not, un-, non-, an-, dis-, negative prefix

   Synonym: an-

   ‎af- + ‎glân (“clean; honest”) → ‎aflan (“corrupt, evil”)

   ‎af- + ‎llwyddiannus (“successful”) → ‎aflwyddiannus (“unsuccessful”)

   ‎af- + ‎rhwydd (“easy”) → ‎afrwydd (“difficult”)

   ‎af- + ‎iechyd (“health”) → ‎afiechyd (“sickness, illness”)

The prefix af- triggers the soft mutation. It is used only before gl, ll, rh, and consonantal i, with an- used elsewhere.

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “af-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies