閉

See also: 閇 and 闭

閉	U+9589, 閉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9589

← 閈
[U+9588]

CJK Unified Ideographs

閊 →
[U+958A]

Translingual

Han character

閉 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+3, 11 strokes, cangjie input 日弓木竹 (ANDH), four-corner 7724₇, composition ⿵門才)

Derived characters

𠻻𡠳𡮥𢲾𣘥𤛞𦟼𡮤𡮩𡮣

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1330, character 14
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41222
Dae Jaweon: page 1835, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4283, character 8
Unihan data for U+9589

Chinese

trad.		閉
simp.		闭
alternative forms		閇

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (閉) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
閉	piːds, piːd
閇	*piːds

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 門 (“door”) + abbreviated 材 (“material; timber”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bì (bi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bai³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): bai¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): pi

(Meixian, Guangdong): bi⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pì

(Teochew, Peng'im): bi⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵pi
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bei⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bì
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bì
  - Wade–Giles: pi⁴
  - Yale: bì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
  - Palladius: би (bi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bai³
  - Yale: bai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: bei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐi̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: bai¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pai³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pi
  - Hakka Romanization System: bi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pi⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: bi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pi⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì
  - Tâi-lô: pì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pi²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pi¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bi⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵pi
  - MiniDict: pi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²pi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pi³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: bei⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pe̞i̯⁴⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 閉
Mandarin	Beijing	/pi⁵¹/
	Harbin	/pi⁵³/
	Tianjin	/pi⁵³/
	Jinan	/pi²¹/
	Qingdao	/pi⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/pi³¹²/
	Xi'an	/pi⁴⁴/
	Xining	/pji²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/pi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/pi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/pi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/pi³⁵/
	Chengdu	/pi¹³/
	Guiyang	/pi²¹³/
	Kunming	/pi²¹²/
	Nanjing	/pi⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/pz̩⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/pi⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/pi³⁵/
	Hohhot	/pi⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/pi³⁵/
	Suzhou	/pi⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/pi⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/pei⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/pi³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/pi⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/pei⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/pi⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/pi⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/pi⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/pi⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/pɐi³³/
	Nanning	/pɐi³³/
	Hong Kong	/pɐi²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/pi²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/pɛi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/pi³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/pi³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔbi³⁵/

Middle Chinese: pejH, pet

Rime
Character	閉	閉
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	屑 (87)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV
Fanqie	博計切	方結切
Baxter	pejH	pet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pei^H/	/pet̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pei^H/	/pet̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pɛi^H/	/pɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pɛj^H/	/pɛt̚/
Li Rong	/pei^H/	/pet̚/
Wang Li	/piei^H/	/piet̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/piei^H/	/piet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bì	bie
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bai³	bit³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤi[t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*piːds/, /*piːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	閉
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bì
Middle Chinese	‹ pej^H ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁi[t]-s/
English	close (v.); obstruct
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	閉	閉
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	658	660
Phonetic component	閉	閉
Rime group	至	質
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	閉	㢼
Old Chinese	/*piːds/	/*piːd/

Definitions

閉

to shut; to close
to obstruct; to block up

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 關 (“to close (a door, gate, etc.)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		關, 閉
Mandarin	Taiwan	關
	Wanrong	關
	Xi'an	關
	Yinchuan	關
	Wuhan	關
	Malaysia	關
	Singapore	關
Cantonese	Guangzhou	閂
	Hong Kong	閂
	Taishan	閂
	Singapore (Guangfu)	閂
Gan	Nanchang	關
Gan	Pingxiang	關
Hakka	Meixian	關
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	關
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	關
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	關
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	關
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	關
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	關
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	關
Southern Min	Taipei	關
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	關
	Kaohsiung	關
	Yilan	關
	Changhua (Lukang)	關
	Taichung	關
	Tainan	關
	Hsinchu	關
	Kinmen	關
	Penghu (Magong)	關
	Penang (Hokkien)	崁
	Singapore (Hokkien)	關
	Shantou	關
	Singapore (Teochew)	關
	Singapore (Hainanese)	關

Compounds

倒閉／倒闭 (dǎobì)
停閉／停闭
全閉音／全闭音
半閉元音／半闭元音
吃閉門羹／吃闭门羹 (chī bìméngēng)
壅閉／壅闭
夜不閉戶／夜不闭户 (yèbùbìhù)
家嘈屋閉／家嘈屋闭
密閉／密闭 (mìbì)
封閉／封闭 (fēngbì)
封閉社會／封闭社会
巴閉／巴闭
幽閉／幽闭 (yōubì)
惡性倒閉／恶性倒闭
掩閉／掩闭 (yǎnbì)
啟閉／启闭
月閉花羞／月闭花羞
死不閉目／死不闭目
深閉固距／深闭固距
牙關緊閉／牙关紧闭
癃閉／癃闭
禁閉／禁闭 (jìnbì)
禁閉室／禁闭室
經閉／经闭
緊閉／紧闭 (jǐnbì)
緘舌閉口／缄舌闭口
羞花閉月／羞花闭月 (xiūhuābìyuè)
耳閉／耳闭
自閉／自闭 (zìbì)
自閉兒／自闭儿
自閉症／自闭症 (zìbìzhèng)
花閉月羞／花闭月羞
閉上／闭上 (bìshang)
閉十／闭十
閉卷考／闭卷考
閉口奪氣／闭口夺气
閉口無言／闭口无言
閉口藏舌／闭口藏舌
閉口韻／闭口韵 (bìkǒuyùn)
閉嘴／闭嘴 (bìzuǐ)
閉塞／闭塞 (bìsè)
閉幕／闭幕 (bìmù)
閉幕典禮／闭幕典礼
閉幕式／闭幕式 (bìmùshì)
閉庭／闭庭 (bìtíng)
閉心／闭心
閉戹／闭戹
閉攏／闭拢
閉明塞聰／闭明塞聪
閉會／闭会 (bìhuì)
閉月羞花／闭月羞花 (bìyuèxiūhuā)
閉果／闭果
閉氣／闭气 (bìqì)
閉目／闭目 (bìmù)
閉目塞聽／闭目塞听 (bìmùsètīng)
閉目沉思／闭目沉思
閉目養神／闭目养神
閉眉刷眼／闭眉刷眼
閉眼／闭眼 (bìyǎn)
閉結／闭结
閉經／闭经 (bìjīng)
閉翳／闭翳
閉聲／闭声
閉蟄／闭蛰
閉路／闭路
閉路電視／闭路电视 (bìlù diànshì)
閉鎖／闭锁 (bìsuǒ)
閉門卻掃／闭门却扫
閉門塞竇／闭门塞窦
閉門天子／闭门天子
閉門思過／闭门思过 (bìménsīguò)
閉門羹／闭门羹 (bìméngēng)
閉門覓句／闭门觅句
閉門謝客／闭门谢客 (bìménxièkè)
閉門造車／闭门造车
閉閣思過／闭阁思过
閉關／闭关 (bìguān)
閉關卻掃／闭关却扫
閉關自守／闭关自守 (bìguānzìshǒu)
閉關鎖國／闭关锁国 (bìguānsuǒguó)
閉面／闭面
閉音節／闭音节 (bìyīnjié)
閉館／闭馆 (bìguǎn)
開口閉口／开口闭口 (kāikǒubìkǒu)
關門閉戶／关门闭户
關閉／关闭 (guānbì)
黑字倒閉／黑字倒闭

References

“閉”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

閉

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

close, shut

Readings

Go-on: はい (hai)
Kan-on: へい (hei, Jōyō)
On: へつ (hetsu)
Kun: とじる (tojiru, 閉じる, Jōyō)^{←とぢる (todiru, 閉ぢる, historical)}; とざす (tozasu, 閉ざす, Jōyō); しめる (shimeru, 閉める, Jōyō); しまる (shimaru, 閉まる, Jōyō)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “to shut, close”): 開

Derived terms

閉(と)じる (tojiru)
閉(し)める (shimeru)

Korean

Hanja

閉 • (pye, byeol) (hangeul 폐, 별, revised pye, byeol, McCune–Reischauer p'ye, pyŏl, Yale phyey, pyel)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

閉: Hán Nôm readings: bế, bấy, bé

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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