稚

See also: 穉 and 推

稚	U+7A1A, 稚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A1A

← 稙
[U+7A19]

CJK Unified Ideographs

稛 →
[U+7A1B]

Translingual

Han character

稚 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹木人土 (HDOG), four-corner 2091₄, composition ⿰禾隹)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 855, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25120
Dae Jaweon: page 1280, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2613, character 10
Unihan data for U+7A1A

Chinese

simp. and trad.		稚
alternative forms		稺穉

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ils) : semantic 禾 (“rice”) + phonetic 屖 (OC *sliːl).

During the Han Dynasty, the 屖 component was commonly substituted with 隹 (zhuī).

Etymology

Related to 遲 (OC *l'il, “slow; late”) (Liu, 1999; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhì (zhi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zi⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zi⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): zi⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): ci⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̀ / chṳ̂ / chhṳ̂

(Meixian, Guangdong): ci¹
Jin (Wiktionary): zi³
Northern Min (KCR): cĭ
Eastern Min (BUC): dê
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tī

(Teochew, Peng'im): zin²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶zy
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): chr⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
  - Wade–Giles: chih⁴
  - Yale: jr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
  - Palladius: чжи (čži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zi⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi⁶
  - Yale: jih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: zi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ci⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀ / chṳ̂ / chhṳ̂
  - Hakka Romanization System: ciiˇ / zii´ / cii´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ci² / zi¹ / ci¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ¹¹/, /t͡sɨ²⁴/, /t͡sʰɨ²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂ / chhṳ̂
  - Hakka Romanization System: zii´ / cii´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zi¹ / ci¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ²⁴/, /t͡sʰɨ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ci¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zi³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sz̩⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɛi²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tī
  - Tâi-lô: tī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: di
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ti³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ti⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ti²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zin²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsíⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩ⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶zy
  - MiniDict: zy^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: chr⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: drijH

Rime
Character	稚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直利切
Baxter	drijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠiɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖji^H/
Li Rong	/ȡji^H/
Wang Li	/ȡi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lrəj-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*l'ils/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	稚
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ drij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*lrəj-s/
English	young
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	稚
Reading #	1/1
No.	17388
Phonetic component	稚
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	緻
Old Chinese	/*l'ils/
Notes	說文作稺，此疑雉省聲

Definitions

稚

Compounds

丁稚
乳稚
二稚
兒稚／儿稚
土稚
嬌稚／娇稚
嬰稚／婴稚
孥稚
孤稚
孩稚
幼稚 (yòuzhì)
幼稚園／幼稚园 (yòuzhìyuán)
幼稚園病／幼稚园病
幼稚教育
幼稚病 (yòuzhìbìng)
後稚／后稚
悼稚
撫稚／抚稚
敬老慈稚
柔稚
樹稚／树稚
淺稚／浅稚
狂稚
田稚
盍稚
稚乳
稚交
稚俗
稚免
稚兒／稚儿
稚夢／稚梦
稚女
稚妻
稚嫩 (zhìnèn)
稚子
稚子術／稚子术
稚孫／稚孙
稚孺
稚小
稚川
稚年
稚幼
稚弟
稚弱 (zhìruò)
稚態／稚态
稚拙 (zhìzhuō)
稚昧
稚杉
稚松
稚柏
稚桑
稚根
稚榻
稚歲／稚岁
稚氣／稚气 (zhìqì)
稚水
稚犬
稚秀
稚秋
稚稼
稚童
稚竹
稚筍／稚笋
稚筆／稚笔
稚節／稚节
稚綠／稚绿
稚老
稚耋
稚艾
稚荷
稚蕊
稚藐
稚蜂
稚語／稚语
稚豔／稚艳
稚質／稚质
稚酒
稚錢／稚钱
稚顏／稚颜
稚齒／稚齿
稚齡／稚龄 (zhìlíng)
稚龍／稚龙
童稚 (tóngzhì)
老稚
耄安稚嬉
蒙稚
貧稚／贫稚
遺稚／遗稚
野稚
閹稚／阉稚
雛稚／雏稚
鞠稚
韶稚
韶顏稚齒／韶颜稚齿
養稚／养稚
騃稚／𫘤稚
驕稚／骄稚
髦稚
髫稚
鮐稚／鲐稚
齒稚／齿稚
齠年稚齒／龆年稚齿
齠稚／龆稚

Japanese

Kanji

稚

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

immature
young

Readings

Go-on: じ (ji)
Kan-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
Kun: おさない (osanai); わかい (wakai, 稚い); いとけない (itokenai, 稚い)

Compounds

稚鮎(ちあゆ) (chiayu)
稚気(ちき) (chiki)
稚魚(ちぎょ) (chigyo)
稚児(ちご) (chigo)
稚子(ちし) (chishi)
稚拙(ちせつ) (chisetsu)
稚嫩(ちどん) (chidon): youth and tenderness
丁稚(でっち) (detchi)
丁稚奉公(でっちぼうこう) (detchibōkō)
幼稚(ようち) (yōchi): infantility
幼稚園(ようちえん) (yōchien): kindergarten
稚鰤(わかさ) (wakasa)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 稚 (MC drijH). Recorded as Middle Korean 티〯 (thǐ) (Yale: thi) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 稚 (eumhun 어릴 치 (eoril chi))

Hanja form^? of 치 (“infantile”).

Compounds

치어 (稚漁, chieo)
치졸 (稚拙, chijol)
치기 (稚氣, chigi)
치수 (稚樹, chisu)
유치 (幼稚, yuchi)
유치원 (幼稚園, yuchiwon)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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