炎

See also: 焱
炎 U+708E, 炎
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-708E
← 炍
[U+708D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 炏 →
[U+708F]

Translingual

Han character
Stroke order
8 strokes

炎 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 火火 (FF), four-corner 90809, composition ⿱火火)

Derived characters

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 667, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18910
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1076, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2193, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+708E

Chinese
trad. 炎
simp. # 炎
alternative forms 炏

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (炎) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
倓 *l'oːmʔ, *l'aːm, *l'aːms
緂 *l̥ʰaːm, *l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam
毯 *l̥ʰaːmʔ
菼 *l̥ʰaːmʔ
裧 *l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam, *l̥ʰjams
賧 *l̥ʰaːms
睒 *l̥ʰaːms, *hljamʔ
舕 *l̥ʰaːms
談 *l'aːm
郯 *l'aːm
惔 *l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
錟 *l'aːm
淡 *l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms, *lamʔ
痰 *l'aːm
餤 *l'aːm
啖 *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
腅 *l'aːms
剡 *ɦljamʔ, *lamʔ
覢 *hljamʔ
掞 *hljams
炎 *ɦlam
琰 *lamʔ
棪 *lamʔ
扊 *lamʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 火 (“fire”) + 火 (“fire”). Duplication of 火 (“fire”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ljam (“tongue; lick; flame”) (STEDT). Cognate with Chepang लेम्‍ह्‌सा (lemh‑, “to lick”), Burmese အလျှံ (a.hlyam, “flame; iridescence”). Within Chinese, cognate with 焰 (OC *loms, “to flame up”), 舔 (OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, “to lick”). Compare also Khmer លាម (liəm, “to flare up”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 炎
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 鹽 (154)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 于廉切
Baxter hjem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦˠiᴇm/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦᵚiɛm/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣiæm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦjiam/
Li
Rong		 /ɣjɛm/
Wang
Li		 /ɣĭɛm/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯ɛm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jim4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 炎
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hjem ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɢ]ʷ(r)am/
English burn, blazing

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 炎
Reading # 1/1
No. 14315
Phonetic
component		 炎
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 炎
Old
Chinese		 /*ɦlam/

Definitions

炎

  1. † flame; blaze; rising flame
  2. † to burn; to blaze
  3. blazing; burning hot; scorching
  4. red; bright red
  5. (figurative) power and influence
  6. (medicine) inflammation
  7. (mythology) Yan Emperor (ancient legendary Chinese ruler)

Compounds

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (炎):
  • → Japanese: 炎(えん) (en)
  • → Korean: 염(炎) (yeom)
  • → Vietnamese: viêm (炎)

References

Japanese

Kanji
炎

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
炎
ほのお
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
焔
焰
燄 (rare)

⟨po no2 po⟩ → */ponəpo/ → /ɸonoɸo/ → /ɸonowo/ → /honowo/ → /honoː/

From Old Japanese 炎 (pono2po).

Compound of 火 (ho, combining form of hi, “fire”) +‎ の (no, possessive particle) +‎ 穂 (ho, “ear, head”).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

Noun

炎(ほのお) • (honō) ←ほのほ (fonofo)?

  1. a flame
    ハリー・ポッターと炎(ほのお)のゴブレット
    Harī Pottā to Honō no Goburetto
    Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
    燃(も)え広(ひろ)がる炎(ほのお)
    Moehirogaru Honō
    Catching Fire
    • 1079, Konkōmyō Saishōōkyō Ongi, page 5 (front):
      [6]
      燄 保乃保
    • 2001 December 22, “真紅眼の黒竜(レッドアイズ・ブラックドラゴン) [Red-Eyes Black Dragon]”, in Premium Pack 5, Konami:
      真(しん)紅(く)の眼(め)を持(も)つ黒(こく)竜(りゅう)。怒(いか)りの黒(くろ)き炎(ほのお)はその眼(め)に映(うつ)る者(もの)全(すべ)てを焼(や)き尽(つ)くす。
      Shinku no me o motsu kokuryū. Ikari no kuroki honō wa sono me ni utsuru mono subete o yakitsukusu.
      A black dragon with crimson eyes. Its black flames of fury burn away anything that’s reflected in those eyes.
  2. (figuratively) an intense emotion, passion
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 炎(ほのお)細(さい)胞(ぼう) (honō saibō)
  • 炎(ほのお)スペクトル (honō supekutoru)
  • 踊(おど)り炎(ほのお) (odori honō)
  • 瞋(しん)恚(い)の炎(ほのお) (shin'i no honō)
  • 胸(むね)の炎(ほのお) (mune no honō)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
炎
ほむら
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
焔
焰
燄 (rare)

Compound of 火 (ho, “fire”, combining form) +‎ 群 (mura, “gathering, group”).[2][3]

Pronunciation

Noun

炎(ほむら) • (homura) 

  1. a flame
  2. (figuratively) an intense emotion, passion
Derived terms
  • 瞋(しん)恚(い)の炎(ほむら) (shin'i no homura)
  • 胸(むね)の炎(ほむら) (mune no homura)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
炎
えん
Grade: S
on’yomi

/emʉ/ → /eɴ/

From Middle Chinese 炎 (MC hjem).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ẽ̞ɴ]

Suffix

炎(えん) • (-en) 

  1. (medicine) -itis, inflammation of...
Derived terms
Derived terms

Affix

炎(えん) • (en) 

  1. flame, blaze
  2. burning
  3. firehot, red-hot
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
炎
えん
Grade: S
on’yomi
Alternative spellings
焔
焰
燄 (rare)

炎 is a daiyōji replacing 焔.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ẽ̞ɴ]

Affix

炎(えん) • (en) 

  1. flame, blaze
  2. (figurative) passion, emotion
Derived terms
Derived terms

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  5. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. Tsukishima, Hiroshi (1079) Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 12: Konkōmyō Saishōōkyō Ongi (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN.

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 炎 (MC hjem). Recorded as Middle Korean 염 (yem) (Yale: yem) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 炎 (eumhun 불꽃 염 (bulkkot yeom))

  1. Hanja form? of 염 (“flame”).
  2. Hanja form? of 염 (“(medicine) inflammation”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Old Japanese

Etymology

Compound of 火 (po, combining form of pi2, “fire”) +‎ の (no2, possessive particle) +‎ 穗 (po, “ear, head”).[1][2][3]

Noun

炎 (pono2po) (kana ほのほ)

  1. a flame
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū‎, book 13, poem 3344:
      ...螢成髣髴聞而大土乎火穗跡而...
      ...potaru nasu pono2ka ni ki1ki1te opotuti wo pono2po to2 pumi1te...
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Descendants
  • Japanese: 炎 (honō)

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

Han character

炎: Hán Nôm readings: viêm

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