U+6BD2, 毒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BD2

[U+6BD1]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6BD3]

Translingual

Traditional
Simplified
Japanese
Korean

Han character

(Kangxi radical 80, +4, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese and Japanese, 9 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 手一田卜戈 (QMWYI), four-corner 50507, composition (GKV) or (HTJ))

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 589, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16730
  • Dae Jaweon: page 981, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2382, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+6BD2

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) - a woman wearing a feathered ornament - original form of (OC *duːɡs, *duːɡ).

Alternatively, Li Xueqin (2012) proposes it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *l'uːɡ) : semantic (vegetation) + phonetic (OC *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ), meaning "a type of poisonous plant."

Etymology

“poison”
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *duk ~ tuk (poison; to poison). Cognate with Tibetan དུག (dug, poison; toxin), གདུག (gdug), གདུག་པ (gdug pa, vicious; evil; poisonous), Burmese တောက် (tauk, to suffer from toxicity; to be ill; to be poisonous).
“to poison” (Pronunciation 2)
A departing tone variant, meaning “to poison”, is preserved in southern varieties, including Cantonese, Hakka, Min, southern Gan, and southern Wu. It is derived from the sense “poison” with the *–s suffix in Old Chinese.
“nerdy”
Derived from 毒撚.

Pronunciation 1

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms
 
𭖪
𡴛
𡹆
𥲮
𦸕
𭖪
𡴛
𡹆
𥲮
𦸕
𫦚
𧉉
𤯟


Note: duk1 - only used in the phonetic transcription 身毒 (“India”).
Note:
  • dù - literary;
  • tū - vernacular.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (7)
Final () (6)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter dowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/duok̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/duok̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/dok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/dawk̚/
Li
Rong
/dok̚/
Wang
Li
/duok̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/dʱuok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
duk6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ dowk ›
Old
Chinese
/*[d]ˁuk/
English poison (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 2486
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*l'uːɡ/

Definitions

  1. poison; toxin; venom; bane
       yǒu   poisonous
  2. calamity; disaster; trouble
  3. pain; suffering
  4. crime; evil
  5. to poison; to administer poison to
    蟑螂   sǐ zhāngláng   to kill cockroaches with poison
  6. to harm; to injure
  7. to hate; to resent
  8. Alternative form of (, to manage; to govern)
  9. poisonous; noxious
       shé   venomous snake
          poisonous gas
  10. heavy; thick
  11. (figurative) pernicious influence; harmful influence
          residual poison
  12. severe; fierce; violent
    外面太陽 [MSC, trad.]
    外面太阳 [MSC, simp.]
    Wàimiàn de tàiyáng hěn . [Pinyin]
    The sun outside is very fierce.
  13. malicious; cruel; sinister
    心腸心肠   Tā de xīncháng zhēn !   How cruel is he!
  14. (literary, or in compounds) narcotics; narcotic drugs
          to take drugs (of illicit or recreational nature)
       fàn   to traffic in narcotics
  15. (Hong Kong Cantonese) nerdy

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (どく) (doku)
  • Korean: 독(毒) (dok)
  • Vietnamese: độc ()

Others:

  • Vietnamese: thuốc (drug)
  • Zhuang: doeg (poison; to poison; evil)

Pronunciation 2

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms Cantonese
Hakka
Eastern Min



BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ dowk ›
Old
Chinese
/*m-[d]ˁuk-s/
English to poison (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

  1. (Cantonese, Hakka, Min, colloquial) to poison; to administer poison to

Pronunciation 3

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms 𭖪


Definitions

  1. Used in 毒冒, which is an alternative form of 玳瑁 (dàimào)

References

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. poison

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
どく
Grade: 5
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

(どく) • (doku) 

  1. poison, toxin

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Wikisource

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

Hanja

(eumhun (dok dok))

  1. Hanja form? of (poison).

Compounds

Hanja

(eumhun 거북 (geobuk dae))

  1. Alternative form of (Hanja form? of (turtle).)
  2. Alternative form of (Hanja form? of (turtle).)

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: độc, nọc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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