Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/duk ~ tuk

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *dəkw (Coblin, 1986)
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *duk ⪤ *tuk (Matisoff, STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Chou, 1972)

Root

*duk ~ tuk

poison; poisonous, toxic; to poison

Descendants

Old Chinese: 毒 /*dˤuk/ (“poison”), /*m-dˤuk-s/ (“to poison”) (B-S); /*duːɡ/ (PW)
- Middle Chinese: 毒 /duok/

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**:

→ Japanese: 毒 (どく, doku)
Korean: 독 (毒, dok)
Vietnamese: độc (毒)

- → Vietnamese: nọc (“venom, poison”) (?)
  - Mandarin:
    - Beijing: 毒 (dú) /tu³⁵/
  - Cantonese:
    - Guangzhou-Hong Kong: 毒 (duk⁶) /tʊk̚²/
  - Wu:
    - Shanghainese: 毒 (⁸doq) /d̻ʊ̆ʔ¹²/
- Min:
  - Coastal Min:
    - Min Nan:
      - Hokkien:
        Taiwan: 毒 /tʰaʊ³³/ (colloquial) (“to poison”), /tok̚⁵/ (literary) (“toxin, toxic”)
Himalayish
- Tibeto-Kanauri
  - Bodic
    - Tibetan
      - Written Tibetan: དུག (dug, “poison, toxin”), གདུག (gdug) / གདུག་པ (gdug pa, “vicious, evil, harmful, poisonous”)
        Modern Tibetan (Lhasa): /tʰuʔ˩˧˨/ ("poison")
  - Lepcha: ᰌᰨᰭ (dok, “ill”) (?)
Tangut-Qiang
- Northern Tangut
  - Tangut: 𗀀 (*do¹, “poison”)
- rGyalrongic
  - Tshobdun: təɣʔ
Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
- Lolo-Burmese
  /*ʔdok/ (Matisoff, 1972)
  - Burmish
    - Burmese: တောက် (tauk, “to suffer from toxicity, to be ill; to be poisonous”)
  - Loloish
    Proto-Loloish: *dokᴸ (Bradley, 1979)
    - Northern Loloish
      - Yi (Liangshan): ꅋ (ddut, “poison; to be poisoned”)
Sal
- Kachin-Luic
  - Jingphoic
    - Jingpho: tuk, ntuk, ningtuk

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