有司

Chinese

		to have; there is; there are to have; there is; there are; to exist; to be	company; control
trad. (有司)		有	司
simp. ^#(有司)		有	司

Etymology

Attested on Western Zhou's bronze inscriptions (for some examples see Vogt, 2012[1]); earliest attestation is possibly on an oracle bone inscription unearthed in Dasikong village (大司空村), Anyang, Henan (He, 2018[2]).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǒusī

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˇ ㄙ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁵ si¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǒusī
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˇ ㄙ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǒusih
  - Wade–Giles: yu³-ssŭ¹
  - Yale: yǒu-sz̄
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeousy
  - Palladius: юсы (jusy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    有司
    有私
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jau⁵ si¹
  - Yale: yáuh sī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁵ si¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁵ xi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯¹³ siː⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: hjuwX si

Rime
Character	有	司
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	云久切	息兹切
Baxter	hjuwX	si
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɨu^X/	/sɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦiu^X/	/sɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiəu^X/	/sie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuw^X/	/sɨ/
Li Rong	/ɣiu^X/	/siə/
Wang Li	/ɣĭəu^X/	/sĭə/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ə̯u^X/	/si/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǒu	sī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau⁵	si¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷəʔ s-lə/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷɯʔ slɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	有	司
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǒu	sī
Middle Chinese	‹ hjuw^X ›	‹ si ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/	/*s-lə/
English	have, exist	superintend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	有	司
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	15595	11951
Phonetic component	又	司
Rime group	之	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	有	思
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷɯʔ/	/*slɯ/

Noun

有司

(archaic) functionary; government official; office holder
- 秦王恐其破璧，乃辭謝固請，召有司案圖，指從此以往十五都予趙。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  秦王恐其破璧，乃辞谢固请，召有司案图，指从此以往十五都予赵。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Qín wáng kǒng qí pò bì, nǎi cí xiè gù qǐng, zhào yǒusī àn tú, zhǐ cóng cǐ yǐ wǎng shíwǔ dōu yǔ zhào. [Pinyin]
  The King of Qin was afraid that he (referring to Lin Xiangru) would break the jade annulus, so he apologised tactfully and firmly asked him not to. He summoned an official to check a map, and pointed at it, saying the fifteen cities from here to there would be given to Zhao.
- 若有作姦犯科及爲忠善者，宜付有司論其刑賞，以昭陛下平明之治。 [MSC, trad.]
  若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之治。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: Former Chu Shi Biao, by Zhuge Liang, 3rd century CE
  Ruò yǒu zuò jiān fàn kē jí wèi zhōng shàn zhě, yí fù yǒusī lùn qí xíng shǎng, yǐ zhāo bìxià píngmíng zhī zhì. [Pinyin]
  If there are those who commit crimes and break the law, or those who do loyal and good deeds, you should hand them over to officials to assess their punishments or rewards, to make clear Your Majesty’s fair and wise governance.
(archaic) fortuneteller

Synonyms

(functionary):

內臣／内臣 (nèichén) (historical)
公僕／公仆 (gōngpú)
公務員／公务员 (gōngwùyuán)
君子 (jūnzǐ) (Classical Chinese)
官僚 (guānliáo)
官吏 (guānlì) (chiefly historical)
官員／官员 (guānyuán)
官宦 (guānhuàn) (chiefly historical)
宦官 (huànguān) (chiefly historical)
臣僚 (chénliáo) (historical, in a monarchy)

(fortuneteller):

半仙 (Xiamen Hokkien)
看命仙 (Hokkien)
相命仙 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
相命的 (Hokkien)
相命者 (xiàngmìngzhě)
算命仙 (Hakka, Taiwanese Hokkien)
算命仔 (Hakka)
算命佬 (syun³ meng⁶ lou²) (Cantonese)
算命先生 (suànmìng xiānsheng) (male fortuneteller)
算命家 (suànmìngjiā)

References

Vogt, Paul Nicholas (2018) Between Kin and King: Social Aspects of Western Zhou Ritual (PhD)‎, Columbia University
He, Yuling (何毓灵) (2018).《河南安阳市殷墟大司空村出土刻辞牛骨》 [Ox Bones Unearthed in Dasikong village, Yin ruins, Anyang, Henan] pdf. Chinese Archaeology (中国考古网)

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